Social and Cultural Aspects of Drinking

Social and Cultural Aspects of Drinking - download full report in pdf format Click on the accompanying image to download and read the full document using Adobe's Acrobat Reader.

Contents

Social and Cultural Aspects of Drinking

Selected bibliography (N-Z) (This page)

Selected bibliography (A-M)

Nadeau, L.; Mercier, C. and Bourgeois, L. (1984). Les femmes et l’alcool en Amerique du nord et au Quebec. Quebec: Presses de l’Universite du Quebec.

Nahoum-Grappe, V. (1987). The social use of alcohol: Words and behaviour in France between 1750 and 1850. Social Science Information, 26 (2): 435-449.

Nahoum-Grappe, V. (1995). France. In D.B. Heath (ed.), International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.

Nakamura, K., Tanaka, A. and Takano, T. (1993). The social cost of alcohol abuse in Japan. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54: 618-625.

Naranjo, C.A. and Bremner, K.E. (1993). Behavioral correlates of alcohol intoxication. Addiction, 88(1): 25-35.

Nason, J.D. (1975). Sardines and other fried fish: The consumption of alcoholic beverages on a Micronesian island. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36: 611-625.

National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence. (1994). Proceedings of the National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence, 1-3 December 1993. Canberra: Commonwealth Of Australia.

Natkin, R. (1985). The suburban pub in Finland: the women’s viewpoint. In E. Single and T. Storm (eds.), Public Drinking and Public Policy. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.

Neate, P. (1994). Ethnographic notebook: Being a homeboy: Youth culture around a bar in Harare, Zimbabwe. Cambridge Anthropology. 17(3): 69-87.

Neff, J.A. (1991). Race, ethnicity and drinking patterns: The role of demographic factors, drinking motives and expectancies. In D.J. Pittman and H.R. White (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns Reexamined. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.

Neff, J.A. and Hoppe, S.K. (1992). Acculturation and drinking patterns among United States Anglos, Blacks and Mexican-Americans. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 27(3): 293-308.

Neff, J.A., Prihoda, T.J. and Hoppe, S.K. (1991). "Machismo," self-esteem, education, and high maximum drinking among Anglo, Black and Mexican-American male drinkers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52 (5): 458-463.

Nelson, L. (1977). Alcoholism in Zuni, New Mexico. Preventive Medicine, 6: 152-166.

Nerad, J.M. (1993). Alcohol problems in Czecho-Slovakia. Alcologia, 5: 29-35.

Nero, K. (1990). The hidden pain: Drunkenness and domestic violence in Palau. Pacific Studies, 13(3): 63-92.

Netting, R.M. (1964). Beer as a locus of value among the West African Kofyar. American Anthropologist, 66: 375-383.

Neve, R.J.M., et al. (1993). Developments in drinking behaviour in the Netherlands from 1958 to 1989, a cohort analysis. Addiction, 88 (5): 611-621.

Newlin, D.B. (1989). The skin-flushing response: Autonomic, self-report and conditioned responses to repeated administrations of alcohol in Asian men. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98: 421-425.

Newlove, D. (1981). Those Drinking Days. New York: Junction Books.

Ngokwey, N. (1987). Varieties of palm wine among the Lele of the Kasai. In M. Douglas (ed.), Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nielsen, H.W., et al. (1991). Use of alcohol and narcotics among Danish adolescents in the 1980s. Ugeskrift fur Laeger, 153 (17): 1189-1193.

Nieuwkerk, K.van (1992). Female entertainers in Egypt: Drinking and gender roles. In D. Gefou-Madianou (ed.), Alcohol, Gender and Culture. London: Routledge.

Norbeck, E. (1954). Takashima: A Japanese Fishing Community. Salt Lake City: Univeristy of Utah Press.

Nordlund, S., Holme, I. and Tamsfoss, S. (1994). Randomized response estimates for the purchase of smuggled liquor in Norway. Addiction, 89: 401-405.

Norstrom, T. (1988). Alcohol and suicide in Scandinavia. British Journal of Addiction, 83: 553-559.

NTC Publications. (1994). The Drink Pocket Book 1994. Henley-on-Thames: NTC Publications Ltd.

Ntusi, T. (1989). Alcohol abuse: Contamination by Western influences of the rural African village. Medical Law International, 8: 53-57.

Nunes-Dinis, M.C. and Lowe, L. (1992). Summary of results of a comparative study of alcohol-related problems and solutions – Spain and Portugal. International Journal of the Addictions, 27(6): 649-664.

Nusbaumer, M.R., Mauss, A.L. and Pearson, D.C. (1982). Draughts and Drunks: The contributions of taverns and bars to excessive drinking in America. Deviant Behavior, 3: 329-357.

Nye, R. (1984). Crime, Madness and Politics in Modern France: The Medical Concept of National Decline. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Nyström, M. (1992). Positive and negative consequences of alcohol drinking among young university students in Finland. British Journal of Addiction, 87: 715-722.

Nyström, M., Persalo, J. and Salaspuro, M. (1993). Alcohol-use patterns in young university students in Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 11: 151-156.

O’Brien, J.M. (1980a). Alexander and Dionysus: The invisible enemy. Annals of Scholarship, 1: 83-105.

O’Brien, J.M. (1980b). The enigma of Alexander: The alcohol factor. Annals of Scholarship, 1: 31-46.

O’Brien, J.M. and Seller, S.C. (1982). Attributes of alcohol in the Old Testament. Drinking and Drug Practices Surveyor, 18: 18-24.

O’Callaghan, F., Wilks, J. and Callan, V.J. (1990). Extending upon student drinking patterns in an Australian population. Drugs and Alcohol Review, 9: 239-244.

O’Carroll, M.D. (1979). The Relationship of Religion and Ethnicity to Drinking Behavior: A Study of North European Immigrants in the United States. Berkeley: D.P.H., University of California.

O’Connor, J. (1978). The Young Drinkers: A cross-national study of social and cultural influences. London: Tavistock.

O’Farrell, T.J. and Weyand, C.A. (1983). Alcohol and Sexuality: An Annotated Bibliography on Alcohol Use, Alcoholism and Sexual Behavior. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press.

O’Gorman, P.W. (1908). Moderate Drinking: Is it Innocent and Salutary? Revised from the 4th ed. London.

O’Malley, S.S. and Maisto, S.A. (1985). Effects of family drinking history and expectancies on responses to alcohol in men. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46: 289-297.

O’Rourke, P.J. (1992). Give War a Chance: Eyewitness Accounts of Mankind’s Struggle Against Tyranny, Injustice and Alcohol-Free Beer. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.

Obayemi, A.M.U. (1976). Alcohol usage in an African society. In M.W. Everett., J.O. Waddell, and D.B. Heath (eds.), Cross-Cultural Approaches to the Study of Alcohol: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The Hague: Mouton.

Obot, I.S. (1993). Drinking Behaviour and Attitudes in Nigeria: A General Population Survey (in the Middle Belt Region). Jas, Nigeria: University of Jas, Centre for Development Studies.

Odegard, K. (1992). In vino veritas: Agriculture, wine and trade in Roman Italy. Historisk Tidsskrift, 71(3): 291-303.

Oliver, B. (1932). English Inns. RIBA Journal, 39: 545-567.

Oliver, B. (1947). The Renaissance of the English Public House. London: Faber & Faber.

Omolo, O.E. and Dhadphale, M. (1987). Alcohol use among Khat (Catha) chewers in Kenya. British Journal of Addiction, 82: 97-99.

Omori, M. (1978). Social and economic utility of the "Omuramba": The Chiga sorghum beer. Senri Ethnological Studies, 1: 89-104.

Onselen, C.van. (1976). Randlords and rotgut 1886-1905: An essay on the role of alcohol in the development of European imperialism and South African capitalism. History Workshop, 2.

Orcutt J.D. (1991). The social integration of beers and peers: Situational contingencies in drinking and intoxication. In D.J. Pittman and H.R. White (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns Reexamined. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.

Orcutt J.D. (1993). Happy hour and social lubrication: Evidence on mood setting rituals of drinking time. Journal of Drug issues, 23 (3): 389-407.

Orford, J. and Harwin, J. (eds.) (1982). Alcohol and the Family. London: Croom Helm.

Oshodin, O. (1984). Parental influences upon alcohol use by teenagers in Benin City, Nigeria. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 104(3): 106-107, 110.

Oshodin, O.G. (1995). Nigeria. In D.B. Heath (ed.), International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.

Österberg, E. (1986). Alcohol-related problems in cross-national perspective: Results of the ISACE study. In T.F. Babor (ed.), Alcohol and Culture: Comparative Perspectives from Europe and America. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.

Österberg, E. (1989). Finland. In M. Plant (ed.), Alcohol-related problems in high risk groups. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation.

Österberg, E. (1990). Would a more liberal control policy increase alcohol consumption? Contemporary Drug Problems, 17: 545-573.

Österberg, E. (1992). Effects of alcohol control measures on alcohol consumption. International Journal of the Addictions, 27(2): 209-225.

Oto, T. (1983). Alcoholic beverages in Japanese society. In Kodansha, Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha.

Paakkanen, P. (1986). Cultural continuity in Finnish drinking: Alcohol in Finnish literature in 1911-1912 and 1972. Contemporary Drug Problems, 13 (2): 187-211.

Paakkanen, P. (1989). Verbal descriptions of drinking occasions as interpreters of alcohol culture. Alkoholipolitiikka, 54: 188-198.

Pagés, L.F. (1976). Modos culturales del beber en los aborígenes del Chaco. Acta Psiquiátrica de América Latina, 22: 21-45.

Pailler, J.M. (1988). Bacchanalia. La Répression de 196 av. J.-C. à Rome et en Italie. Rome.

Paine, H.J. (1977). Attitudes and patterns of alcohol use among Mexican Americans: Implications for service delivery. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 38: 544-553.

Palmer, R. (1994). Extrapalatial production of wine in Bronze-Age Crete. American Journal of Archaeology, 98(2): 332.

Pan, L. (1975). Alcohol in Colonial Africa. Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies Monograph 2, Helsinki.

Pandina, R.J. (1982). Effects of alcohol on psychological processes. In E.L. Gomberg., H.R. White and J.A. Carpenter (eds.), Alcohol, Science and Society Revisited. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Pandina, R.J., White, H.R. and Milgram, G.G. (1991). Assessing youthful drinking patterns. In D.J. Pittman and H.R. White (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns Reexamined. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.

Papagaroufali, E. (1992). Uses of alcohol among women: Games of resistance, power and pleasure. In D. Gefou-Madianou (ed.), Alcohol, Gender and Culture. London: Routledge.

Papageorgis, C. (1987). Peri Methys – About Drunkenness. Athens: Roes.

Paredes, A. (1975). Social control of drinking among the Aztec Indians of Mesoamerica. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36: 1139-1153.

Park, J. (1990). Only "those" women: Women and the control of alcohol in New Zealand. Contemporary Drug Problems, 17 (2): 221-250.

Park, J. (1991). Beyond streotypes: A study of some New Zealand women alcohol drinkers. Australian Journal of Public Health, 15: 202-206.

Park, J. (1992). Interested parties: A discussion of public statements in the alcohol arena. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 28 (3): 351-368.

Park, J. (1995). New Zealand. In D.B. Heath (ed.), International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.

Parker, D.A. and Harman, M.S. (1978). The distribution of consumption model of prevention of alcohol problems: A critical assessment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39: 377-399.

Parker, D.A., et al. (1978). Status inconsistencies and drinking patterns among men and women. Alcoholism (NY), 2: 101-105.

Parker, H. (1993). Alcohol, adolescence and trouble. Proceedings of the 22nd International Medical Advisory Conference, London.

Parker, R.N. (1993). The effects of context on alcohol and violence. Alcohol Health and Research World, 17: 117-122.

Parkin, D.J. (1972). Palms, Wine and Witnesses: Public Spirit and Private Gain in an African Farming Community. San Francisco: Chandler.

Parrish, K.M., Higuchi, S., Stinson, F.S. and Dufour, M.C. (1990). Genetic or cultural determinants of drinking: A study of embarrassment at facial flushing among Japanese and Japanese-Americans. Journal of Substance Abuse, 2(4): 439-447.

Parrish, K.M., Higuchi, S., Stinson, F.S., Towle, L.H., et al. (1992). The association of drinking levels and drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii and California. Journal of Substance Abuse, 4: 165-177.

Partanen, J. (1987). Alcohol in the Soviet Union. Serious drinking, serious alcohol policy. Contemporary Drug Problems, 14: 507-538.

Partanen, J. (1990). Alcohol in culture and social life. Alcologia, 2: 23-32.

Partanen, J. (1991). Sociability and Intoxication. Alcohol and Drinking in Kenya, Africa and the Modern World. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies.

Partanen, J. (1993). Failures in alcohol policy: Lessons from Russia, Kenya, Truk and history. Addiction, 88(supplement): 129S-134S.

Partanen, J. (ed.) (1980). Finnish Intoxication on the Screen. Reports of the Social Research Institute of Alcohol Studies 143, Helsinki.

Partanen, J. and Montonen, M. (1988). Alcohol and the Mass Media. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation, Regional Office for Europe – EURO Reports and Studies no. 88.

Pascarosa, P. and Futterman, S. (1976). Ethnopsychedelic therapy for alcoholics: Observations of the Peyote Ritual of the Native American Church. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 8: 215-221.

Paton, A. (1996). Thoughts on ‘alcohol problems into the next century’. Alcoholism & Alcoholism. 31(3). 231-234.

Paton, D. (1992). The legend of drunken Scotland. In M.A. Plant., B. Ritson and R. Robertson (eds.), Alcohol and Drugs: The Scottish Experience. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Patrick, C.H. (1952). Alcohol, Culture and Society. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Pattison, E.M. and Kaufman, E. (eds.) (1982). Encyclopaedic Handbook of Alcoholism. New York: Gardner Press.

Paulin, T. (1984). Drink and poetry – A symposium. Poetry Review, 73(4): 14.

Peace, A. (1992). No fishing without drinking: The construction of social identity in rural Ireland. In D. Gefou-Madianou (ed.), Alcohol, Gender and Culture. London: Routledge.

Peckham, M. (1967). Man’s Rage for Chaos: Biology, behavior and the arts. New York: Schocken.

Pedersen, W. (1990). Drinking games adolescents play. British Journal of Addiction, 85: 1483-1490.

Peele, S. (1993). The conflict between public health goals and the temperance mentality. American Journal of Public Health. 83(6); 805-810.

Peele, S. (1997). Utilizing culture and behaviour in epidemiological models of alcohol consumption and consequences for western nations. Alcoholism & Alcoholism. 32(1): 51-64.

Peele, S. (1998). Gateway to nowhere: how alcohol came to be scapegoated for drug abuse. Addiction Research. 5;419-426.

Peltonen, M. (1991). Language or culture? The 1948 dispute on the poor ability of Finns to carry Liqour. Alkoholipolitiikka, 56 (1): 8-22.

Peltoniemi, T. (1980). Antropologia ja alkoholitutkimus. Suomen Antropologi, 2: 77-82.

Pennati, J.H. (1991). In contact with another culture: A report on a study trip to Malmo. Alcologia, 3: 53-61.

Péquignot, G., Croisignani, P., Terracini, B.,  Ascunce, B., Zubiri, A., Raymond, L., Est`ve, J. and Tuyns, A.J. (1988). A comparative study of smoking, drinking and dietary habits in population samples in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. 3. Consumption of alcohol. Revue de Epidemiologie et Santé Publique, 36 (3): 177-185.

Perdue, L. (1992). The French Paradox and Beyond: Live longer with wine and the Mediterranean lifestyle. Sonoma, Calif.: Renaissance Publishing.

Pernanen, K. (1974). Validity of survey data on alcohol use. In R.J. Giddins, et al. (eds.), Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems. New York: Wiley Medical.

Pernanen, K. (1991). Alcohol in Human Violence. London and New York: Guildford Press.

Pernanen, K. and Carsjo, K. (1989). Public drinking in a Swedish and a Canadian city: Visiting patterns and consumption. Alkoholipolitiikka, 6: 130-143.

Perry, C.L., Grant, M., Ernberg, G., Florenzo, R.U., et al. (1989). WHO collaborative study of alcohol education and young people: Outcomes of a four-country pilot study. International Journal of The Addictions., 24: 1145-1171.

Persson, E., Hanson, B.S. and Råstam, A-S. (1994). Alcohol habits among teenagers in Sweden: Factors of importance. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55: 719-725.

Peruga, A., et al. (1990). The association between alcohol consumption and health services utilization. Gaseta Sanitaria, 4 (18): 93-99.

Petersen, E., Anderen, J.G., et al. (1989). De Krisebevidste og Offervillige Danskere. Aarhus: Psykologiske Institut.

Petersen, E., Sabroe, K-E and Kristensen, O.S. (1987). Danskernes Tilvorelse Under Krisen. Bd I. Studier i Krisens psykologiske Virkninger. Århus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Petersen, E., Sabroe, K-E and Sommerlund, Bl (1987). Danskernes Tilvorelse Under Krisen. Bd II. Studier i den Plitisk-Psykologiske Udvikling 1982-86. Århus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Pihl, R.O. (1983). Alcohol and aggression: a psychological perspective. In Gottheil, E., et al. (eds.), Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Aggression. Massachusetts: Charles C. Thomas.

Pihl, R.O., Peterson, J.B. and Lau, M.A. (1993). A biosocial model of the alcohol-aggression relationship. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 11: 128-139.

Pihl, R.O., Zacchia, C. and Zeichner, A. (1982). Predicting levels of aggression after alcohol intake in men social drinkers: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43: 599-602.

Pinney, T. (1989). A History of Wine in America: From the Beginnings to Prohibition. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Pinson, A. (1980). The New England Rum Era: Drinking Styles and Social Change in Newport, Rhode Island, 1720-1770. Working Papers on Alcohol and Human Behavior 8, Brown University.

Pinson, A. (1985a). The institution of friendship and drinking patterns in Iceland. Anthropological Quarterly, 58 (2): 75-82.

Pinson, A. (1985b). Temperence, prohibition and politics in nineteenth-century Iceland. Contemporary Drug Problems, 12: 249-266.

Piper, J. (1940). Fully licensed: the gin palace. The Architectural Review, March: 87-100.

Pisani, P.L. (1991). Historical aspects of the vine and wine in Italy. Alcologia, 3: 21-29.

Pittman, D.J. (1967). International overview: Social and cultural factors in drinking patterns, pathological and nonpathological. In D.J. Pittman (ed.), Alcoholism. New York: Harper and Row.

Pittman, D.J. and Snyder, C.R. (eds.) (1962). Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Pittman, D.J. and White, H.R. (eds.) (1991). Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns Re-examined. New Brunswick: Rutgers Centre of Alcohol Studies.

Plant, M.A. (1979a). Drinking Careers: Occupations, Drinking Habits and Drinking Problems. London: Tavistock.

Plant, M.A. (1979b). Occupations, drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems: Conclusions from a follow-up study. British Journal of Addiction, 74: 267-273.

Plant, M.A. (1990). The USSR: Relevance for research and policy. In M. Plant, et al. (eds.), Alcohol and Drugs: Research and Policy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Plant, M.A. (ed.) (1982). Drinking and Problem Drinking. London: Junction Books: Fourth Estate.

Plant, M.A. (ed.) (1989). Alcohol-related problems in high-risk groups. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation.

Plant, M.A. and Foster, J. (1991). Teenagers and alcohol: Results of a Scottish national survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 28 (2): 203-210.

Plant, M.A. and Pirie, F. (1979). Self-reported alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: a study in four Scottish towns. Social Psychiatry, 14: 65-73.

Plant, M.A. and Plant, M.L. (1992). Risk Takers: Alcohol, Drugs, Sex and Youth. London: Tavistock.

Plant, M.A., Bagnall, G. and Fister, J. (1990). Teenage heavy drinkers: Alcohol-related knowledge, beliefs, experiences, motivation and the social context of drinking. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 25 (6): 691-698.

Plant, M.A., Bagnall, G., Foster, J. and Sales, J. (1990). Young people and drinking: results of an English National Survey. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 25 (6): 685-690.

Plant, M.A., Grant, M. and Williams, A. (eds.) (1983). Economics and Alcohol. London: Croom Helm.

Plant, M.A., Kreitman, N., Miller, T-I, and Duffy, J. (1977). Observing public drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 38: 867-880.

Plant, M.A., Peck, D.F. and Samuel, E. (1985). Alcohol, Drugs and School Leavers. London: Tavistock.

Plant, M.A., Ritson, B. and Robertson, R. (eds.) (1992). Alcohol and Drugs: The Scottish Experience. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Plant, M.L. (1985). Women, Drinking and Pregnancy. London: Tavistock.

Plant, M.L. (1989). The epidemiology of alcohol use and misuse. In M. Plant (ed.), Alcohol-related problems in high-risk groups. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation.

Plant, M.L. (1990). Women and Alcohol: A review of International Literature on the use of Alcohol by Females. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

Plaut, T.F.A. (1967). Alcohol Problems: A Report to the Nation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Playfair, G.L. (1987). The Haunted Pub Guide. Pool: Javelin Books.

Pohrecky, L.A. and Brick, J. (eds.) (1983). Stress and Alcohol Use: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Stress and Alcohol Use, Held 9/11, 1982 at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. Oxford: Elsevier Biomedical.

Poldrugo, F. and Urizzi, R. (1989). Alcohol drinking patterns in a community in Northern Italy. Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (ICAA) Oslo Aug 1988.

Poldrugo, F., Salvo, P., Spouza, S. and Bertoluce, D. (1988). Alcohol-related morbidity in Northern Italy: A comparison with trends in the United States. Proceedings of the 35th International Congress on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (ICAA), Oslo.

Pope, P. (1989). Historical archaeology and the demand for alcohol in 17th century Newfoundland. Acadiensis, 19(1): 72-90.

Popham, R.E. (1978). The social history of the tavern. In Y. Israel., et al. (eds.), Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems: Volume 8. New York: Plenum Press.

Popham, R.E. and Yawney, C.D. (1967). Culture and Alcohol Use: A Bibliography of Anthropological Sources (2nd Edition). Addiction Research Foundation Bibliographic Series 1, Toronto.

Popham, R.E., Schmidt, W. and De Lint, J. (1972). The effects of legal restraint on drinking. In B. Kissin and H. Begleiter, The Biology of Alcoholism, Vol. 4. New York: Plenum Press.

Porter, R. (1985). The drinking man’s disease: the pre-history of alcoholism in Georgian Britain. British Journal of Addiction, 80: 385-396.

Potts, L.R. (1982). Cultural Codes and Social Discourse: A Phenomenological Perspective on Ethnic Drinking and Urban Identity (PhD Thesis). Austin: University of Texas.

Powell, M. (1987). Alcohol data in the European Community. British Journal of Addiction, 82: 559-566.

Power, C. (1987). Drinking patterns of young adults: who drinks heavily? Mersyside, Lancashire and Cheshire Council on Alcoholism: Abstracts of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol-Related Problems, Liverpool.

Power, C. and Estaugh, V. (1990). The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behaviour in early adulthood. British Journal of Addiction, 85 (4): 52-530.

Powles, J.W., Macaskill,G., Hopper, J.L. and Ktenas, D. (1991). Differences in drinking patterns associated with migration from a Greek island to Melbourne, Australia: A study of sibships. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52: 224-231.

Prescott, J. (1990). Kava use in Australia. Drug and Alcohol Review, 9: 325-328.

Prestan, S.A. (1975). El Uso de la Chicha y la Sociedad Kuna. Instituto Indigenista Interamericano Ediciones Especiales 72, México.

Prestwich, P. (1988). Drink and the Politics of Social Reform: Anti-Alcoholism in France Since 1870. Palo Alto: The Society for the Promotion of Science and Friendship.

Prevost, R., Gagne, S. and Phaneuf, M. (1989). L’Histoire de L’alcool au Quebéc – The History of Alcohol Consumption in Quebec. Stanké: [n.p.].

Price, J. (1987). The Queensland "drinker" and the bad old, new Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 147: 430-432.

Price, J.A. (1975). An applied analysis of North American Indian drinking patterns. Human Organization, 34: 17-26.

Produktschap voor Gedistilleerde Dranken (1994). World Drink Trends. International Beverage Alcohol Consumption and Production Trends. Henley-on-Thames: NTC Publications.

Protz, R. (1987). The Great British Beer Book. London: Impact Books.

Protz, R. and Sykes, H. (1992). The Village Pub. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Prus, R. (1983). Drinking as activity: An interactionist analysis. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 44: 461-475.

Pujol, C. (1989). De la Taverne au Bar à Vins: Les Cafés à Paris: Analyse Géographique de la Ville Selon ses débits de Boissons. Lille: A.N.R.T. Université de Lille III.

Pulkinnen, L. and Pitkanen, T. (1993). Continuities in aggressive behavior from childhood to adulthood. Aggressive Behavior, 19: 249-263.

Purcell, N. (1985). Wine and wealth in ancient Italy. Journal of Roman Studies, 75: 1-19.

Purcell, N. (1994). Women and wine in ancient Rome. In M. McDonald (ed.), Gender, Drink and Drugs. Oxford: Berg.

Pyörälä, E. (1988a). Alcohol consumption and poor relief in early 20th century Helsinki. Alkoholpolotiikka, 53: 304-311.

Pyörälä, E. (1988b). Spain, a wine country in the throes of change. Alkoholipolitiikka, 53: 36-43.

Pyörälä, E. (1990). Trends in alcohol consumption in Spain, Portugal, France and Italy from the 1950s until the 1980s. British Journal of Addiction, 85: 469-477.

Pyörälä, E. (1991). Finnish and Spanish drunkenness among college students. Alkoholipolitiikka, 56 (2): 71-79.

Pyörälä, E. and Simpura, J. (1986). Alcohol and the revolution in culture, way of life and the economy in Spain. Alkoholpolitiikka, 51 (3): 129-137.

Rae, S. (1993). The Faber Book of Drink, Drinkers and Drinking. London and Boston: Faber.

Rahkonen, O. and Ahlström-Laakso, S. (1989). Trends in drinking habits among Finnish youth from 1973-1987. British Journal of Addiction, 84 (9): 1075-1083.

Rahkonen, O.,  Ahlström-Laakso, S. and Karvonen, S. (1993). Drinking, self-reported health and strenuous life-style among young people in Finland. Addiction Research, 1: 169-176.

Rahkonen, O., Ahlström-Laakso, S. and Karvonen, S. (1992). Drinking, health and a strenuous lifestyle among young people. Alkoholipolitiikka, 57 (3): 169-178.

Rambaldi, A., et al. (1996). Prevalence of alcohol problems in general practice: An experience from southern Italy. Alcoholism & Alcoholism. 31(2): 191-196.

Ramsay, M. (1990). Lagerland Lost? An Experiment in Keeping Drinkers off the Streets in Central Coventry and Elsewhere. London: Home Office.

Rao, S.V.A.S. and Rao, C.R.P. (1977). Drinking in the Tribal World: A cross-cultural study in "cultural theme" approach. Man in India, 57: 97-120.

Rasmussen, O. (1992). Alcohol, drugs and other special problems in Denmark. In J. Simpura and C. Tigerstedt (eds.), Social Problems around the Baltic Sea: Report from the Baltica Study. Helsinki: Nordic Council for Alcohol and Drug Research.

Read, K.E. (1980). Other Voices: The Style of a Male Homosexual Tavern. Novato, CA: Chandler and Sharp.

Reader, D.H. and May, J. (1971). Drinking Patterns in Rhodesia: Highfield African Township (Occasional Paper No. 5). Salisbury: University of Rhodesia, Institute for Social Research.

Reark Research (1991). A Study of Attitudes Towards Alcohol Consumption, Labelling and Advertising. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing and Community Services.

Reed, T.E. (1978). Racial comparisons of alcohol metabolism: Background, problems and results. Alcoholism (NY), 2: 83-88.

Reed, T.E., et al. (1976). Alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism in Caucasians, Chinese and Amerinds. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 115: 851-855.

Reed, T.E., Kalant, H. and Gibbins, R.J. (1973). Ethnic and sex differences in responses to alcohol. Behavior Genetics, 3: 413-417.

Reed-Danahay, D. (1996). Champagne and chocolate: ‘Taste’ and inversion in a French wedding ritual. American Anthropology. 98(4): 750-761.

Rehfisch, F. (1987). Competitive beer drinking among the Mambila. In M. Douglas (ed.), Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. and Reichel-Dolmatoff, A. (1961). The People of Aritama. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Reid, C. (1986). Soviet Social Reform in the 1980s: the anti-alcohol campaign as antidote for a flagging economy. Ottowa: Department of National Defense.

Reissig, M. (1990). Youths and drinking – drinking behaviour of young people. Artzliche Jugenkunde, 81 (2): 117-127.

Renaud, S., de Lorgeril, M. (1992). Wine, alcohol, platelets and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet, 339: 1523-1526.

Rialand, M-R. and Kerblay, B. (1989). L’Alcool et les Russes. Paris: Institut d’Études Slaves.

Richards, C.M. (1964). City taverns. Human Organization, 22: 260-268.

Richards, N.D. (1991). ‘Medium red with fresh fruity nose ..’: Doctors and viniculture in 19th century Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 84: 678-681.

Richards, T.M. and Curl, J.S. (1973). City of London Pubs: A Practical and Historical Guide. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.

Richardson, A.E. (1934). The Old Inns of England. London: B. T. Batsford.

Richardson, A.E. and Eberlain, H.D. (1925). The English Inn Past and Present: A Review of its History and Social Life. London: B. T. Batsford.

Richardson, J. (1991). A wider view of alcohol consumption in Australia: The economic cost and policy implications. Medical Journal of Australia, 154: 842-844.

Richmond, R. (1994). Cross-national studies; problems in standardizing methodologies: Comments on the WHO report "Brief interventions for alcohol problems", a summary and some international comments. Addiction, 89: 662-664.

Ridlon, F.V. (1988). A Fallen Angel: The Status Insularity of the Female Alcoholic. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.

Rimm, E.B., et al. (1996). Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk opf coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine or spirit? British Medical Journal. 312; 731-736.

Rio, C.D.del, Alvarez, F.J. and Queipo, D. (1989). Patterns of alcohol use among university students in Spain. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 24: 465-471.

Rios, M.D.de (1972). Visionary Vine: Psychedelic Healing in the Peruvian Amazon. San Francisco: Chandler.

Rios, M.D.De. and Feldman, D.J. (1977). Southern Californian Mexican American drinking patterns: Some preliminary observations. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 9: 151-158.

Ripley, M., Thurman, C., Hampson, T., et al. (1992). Choice: Consumers’ Views of Pub-Going. London: The Brewers’ Society.

Ritchie, J.E. (1963). The Making of a Maori: A case study of a changing community. Wellington: A.H. and A.W. Reed.

Ritson, B. (1994). Preventive strategies for alcohol-related problems. Journal of Drug Issues, 24(4): 715-716.

Ritson, B. (ed.) (1985). Community Response to Alcohol-Related Problems: Review of an International Study. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

Robbins, C. (1989). Sex differences in psychosocial consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. Journal of health and social behavior, 30: 117-130.

Robbins, M.C. (1977). Problem-drinking and the integration of alcohol in rural Buganda. Medical Anthropology, 1(3): 1-24.

Robbins, M.C. (1980). An optimization analysis of alcohol use in rural Buganda. Human Organization, 39(3): 261-262.

Robbins, R.H. (1973). Alcohol and the identity struggle: Some effects of economic change on interpersonal relations. American Anthropologist, 75: 99-122.

Roberts, J.S. (1984). Drink, Temperance and the Working Class in Nineteenth Century Germany. Boston: Allen and Unwin.

Roberts, J.S. (1991). The tavern and politics in the German labor movement, c. 1870-1914. In S. Barrows and R. Room (eds.), Drinking: Behavior and Belief in Modern History. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Robertson, I. (1984). Does moderate drinking cause mental impairment? British Medical Journal, 289: 711-712.

Robertson, I., et al. (1984). Psychology and Problem Drinking. Leicester: British Psychological Society.

Robertson, J. (1987). Drinking habits and alcohol-related consequences among very young married couples and single people: new survey results. Mersyside, Lancashire and Cheshire Council on Alcoholism: Abstracts of the 7th International Conference on Alcohol-Related Problems, Liverpool.

Robinson, D. (ed.) (1979). Alcohol Problems, Review, Research and Recommendations. London: Macmillan.

Robinson, J. (1988). Social power of positive drinking. The Times, 29 April: 19.

Robson, P. (1989). Psychological profile of social drinkers. British Journal of Addiction, 84 (11): 1329-1336.

Rodriguez, M.A. and Anglin, M.D. (1988). The epidemiology of alcohol in Spain. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 34(2): 102-111.

Roebuck, J.B. and Krese, W. (1976). The Rendezvous: A Case Study of an After Hours Club. New York: Free Press.

Rohsenow, D.J. and Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 4: 418-432.

Roizen, R. (1987). The great controlled drinking controversy. In M. Galanter (ed.), Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Vol 5. New York: Plenum Press.

Roman, P.M. (1979). Women and Alcohol Use: A review of the Research Literature. Rockville: United States Department of Health and Human Services.

Roman, P.M. (1984). The orientations of sociology toward alcohol and society. Journal of Drug Issues, 14: 1-6.

Roman, P.M. (ed) (1991). The Development of Sociological Perpectives on Use and Abuse. New Bruswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.

Romanova, O.L. and Petrakova, T.I. (1992). Social-psychological mechanisms of children’s introduction to the tradition of drinking alcohol. Voprosy Psikhologii, 5: 22-25.

Romney, K. and Romney, R. (1963). The Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca. In B.B. Whiting (ed.), Six Cultures: Studies of Child Rearing. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Roohanna, R. (1986). A pilot study of alcohol drinkers in Ahwaz, Iran. International Journal of Addiction, 21: 399-410.

Room, R. (1975). Normative perspectives on alcohol use and problems. Journal of Drug Issues, 5(4): 358-368.

Room, R. (1976). Ambivalence as a sociological explanation: The case of cultural explanation of alcohol problems. American Sociological Review, 41: 1047-1065.

Room, R. (1979). Priorities in social science research on alcohol. In M. Keller (ed.), Research Priorities on Alcohol. New Brunswick, NJ: Journal of Studies of Alcohol Supplement 8.

Room, R. (1983a). Alcohol and Ethnography: a case of "problem deflation"? Current Anthropology, 25, 2: 169-191.

Room, R. (1983b). Alcohol and crime: Behavioral aspects. In S.H. Kadish (ed.), Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. New York: Free Press.

Room, R. (1984). How good an excuse is drunkenness? (Unpublished manuscript cited in Critchlow, B., 1984).

Room, R. (1992). The Impossible Dream? Routes to reducing alcohol problems in a temperance culture. Journal of Substance Abuse, 4: 91-106.

Room, R. and Collins, G. (eds.) (1983). Drinking and Disinhibition: Nature and meaning of the link. NIAAA Research Monograph No. 12. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.

Rooney, J.F. (1991). Patterns of alcohol use in Spanish Society. In Pittman, D.J. and White, H.R. (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns Reexamined. New Brunswick: Rutgers Center for Alcohol Studies.

Rootman, I and Moser, J. (1984). Guidelines for Investigating Alcohol Problems and Developing Appropriate Responses. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

Rorabaugh, W.J. (1979). The Alcoholic Republic: An American Tradition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Rosenbluth, J., Nathan, P.E. and Lawson, D.M. (1978). Environmental influences on drinking by college students in a college pub; behavioral observation in the natural environment. Addictive Behavior, 3: 117-121.

Roslund, B. and Larson, C. (1979). Crimes of violence and alcohol abuse in Sweden. International Journal of the Addictions, 14: 1103.

Rossi, D. (1991). The recent evolution of alcoholic beverage consumption: Italy and Europe compared. Alcologia, 3: 155-158.

Rossi, D. (1992). Alcohol consumption of the young and territorial factors: Some outlines of analysis. Alcologia, 4 (1): 47-51.

Rossow, I. (1993). Suicide, alcohol and divorce: Aspects of gender and family integration. Addiction, 88(12): 1659-1665.

Roy, J.K. (1978). Alcoholic beverages in tribal India and their nutritional role. Man in India, 58: 298-326.

Royal College of General Practitioners (1986). Alcohol – a balanced view. Report from General Practice 24.

Royal College of Psychiatrists. (1979). Alcohol and Alcoholism. London: Tavistock.

Royal College of Psychiatrists. (1981). Alcohol: Our Favourite drug. London: Tavistock.

Royce, J.E. (1981). Alcohol Problems and Alcoholism. New York: Free Press.

Royce, J.E. (1985). Sin or solace? Religious views on alcohol and alcoholism. Journal of Drug Issues, 15: 51-62.

Rubington, E. (1971). The language of ‘drunks’. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 32: 721-740.

Rudgley, R. (1993). The Alchemy of Culture: Intoxicants in Society. London: British Museum Press.

Sabroe, K-E. (1989). Alcohol and Work. Aarhus: Institute of Psychology, mimeo 16 s.

Sabroe, K-E. (1990). Reasons for Drinking/not Drinking Alcohol. Aarhus: Institute of Psychology, mimeo 17 p.

Sabroe, K-E. (1991a). Alkohol, lav pris, let tilgang – øget forbrug? (Alcohol, low price, availability – increased consumption?). Nordisk Alkohol Tidsskrift, 1(2).

Sabroe, K-E. (1991b). Ikke Ideel Forskning, Men!. Nordisk Alkohol Tidsskrift, 8: 299-301.

Sabroe, K-E. (1993). Alcohol in Society: The Case of Denmark. In The Amsterdam Group, Alcoholic Beverages and European Society – Annex 1, The Historical, Cultural and Social Roles of Alcoholic Beverages. [No place]: The Amsterdam Group.

Sackett, L. (1988). Resisting arrests: Drinking, development and discipline in a desert context. Social Analysis, 24: 66-77.

Sadava, S.W. (1985). Problem behavior theory and consumption and consequences of alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46: 393-397.

Sadoun, R., Lolli, G. and Silverman, M. (1965). Drinking in French Culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.

Saignes, T. (1989). Borracheras Andinas: Por qué los Indios ebrios hablan en Español? Revista Andina, .

Saignes, T. and Salazar-Soler, C. (1993). Borrachera y Memoria: La experiencia de lo Sagrado en los Andes. Hisbol, La Paz: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos [Lima].

Salomonsson, A. (1985). Beer brewing as an ethnological catalyst. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 17: 125-128.

Saltz, R.F. (1993). The introduction of dram shop legislation in the United States and the advent of server training. Addiction, 8(Supplement): 95S-103S.

Salvagnini, M. (1986). The drinking habits of a student population in Southern Italy. In A. Tongue and E. Tongue (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism. Vol. 1 Rome, 2-7 June 1985. Lausanne: International Council on Alcohol and Addictions.

Salvatore, S. (1979). Intergenerational shifts in drinking patterns, opinions, behaviors and personality traits of Italian Americans. Working Papers on Alcohol and Human Behavior 6, Brown University, Rhode Island.

Samarasinghe, D.S. (1990). The Buddist, Hindu and Islamic influence on alcohol. In J. Maula., M. Lindblad and C. Tigerstedt (eds.), Alcohol in Developing Countries. Helsinki: Nordic Council for Alcohol and Drug Research.

Sambrook, P. (1991). Home-brewing on a grand scale. Folk Life, 29: 19-28.

Samuels, F.G. (1976). The Negro Tavern: A Microcosm of Slum Life. San Francisco: R and E Research Associates.

Sangree, W.H. (1962). The Social Functions of Beer Drinking in Bantu Tiriki. In D.J. Pittman and C.R. Snyder (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Sargent, M. (1976). Theory in alcohol studies. In M.W. Everett., J.O. Waddell and D.B. Heath (eds.), Cross-Cultural Approaches to the Study of Alcohol: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The Hague: Mouton.

Sargent, M. (1979). Drinking and Alcoholism in Australia: A Power Relations Theory. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.

Sarvela, P.D. and McClendon, E.J. (1987). Early adolescent alcohol abuse in rural northern Michigan. Community Mental Health Journal, 23 (3): 183-191.

Satyanarayana, R. and Prasad Rao, C.R. (1977). Drinking in the tribal world: A cross-cultural study in "culture-theme" approach. Man in India, 57(2): 97-120.

Saunders, B. (1993). Guarding the guardians: Influencing the regulation of alcohol promotions in Australia. Addiction, 88(Supplement): 43S-51S.

Savater, F. (1983). Elogio de la taberna. In , Sobras Completas. Madrid: Ediciones Literarias.

Savishinsky, J.S. (1977). A thematic analysis of drinking behavior in a Hare Indian community. Papers in Anthropology, 18 (2): 43-59.

Scardaville, M.C. (1980). Alcohol abuse and tavern reform in late colonial Mexico City. Hispanic American Historical Review, 60(4): 643-671.

Schaefer, J.M. (1976). Drunkenness and culture stress. In M.W. Everett., J.O. Waddell and D.B. Heath (eds.), Cross-Cultural Approaches to the Study of Alcohol: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The Hague: Mouton.

Schaefer, J.M. (1978). Alcohol metabolism and sensitivity reactions among the Reddis of south India. Alcoholism (NY), 2: 61-70.

Schaefer, J.M. (1979). Ethnic differences in response to alcoholism. In R. Pickens and L. Heston (eds.), Psychiatric Factors in Drug Abuse. New York: Grune and Stratton.

Schaefer, J.M. (1981). Firewater myths revisited: Review of findings and some new directions. In D.B. Heath., J.O. Waddell and M.L. Topper (eds.), Cultural Factors in Alcohol Research and Treatment of Drinking Problems. New Brunswick, NJ: Journal of Alcohol Studies Supplement 9.

Shaper, A.G. (1995). Alcohol and coronary heart disease. European Heart Journal. 16; 1760-1764.

Sharkey, J., Brennan, D. and Curran, P. (1996). The pattern of alcohol consumption of a general hospital population in north Belfast. Alcoholism & Alcoholism. 31(3): 279-285.

Shinar, D. (1995). Drinking and driving of pub patrons in Israel. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 27(1): 65-71.

Schioler, P. (1991a). Alcohol-Related Problems for Primary Health Care Workers. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Schioler, P. (1991b). Report on a Feasibility Analysis for a 12 Nation Study on Different Aspects of Cultural Immunity to Alcohol-Related Problems. Luxembourg: European Commission [CEC, DG5].

Schiøler, P. (1995). Denmark. In D.B. Heath (ed.), International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.

Schivelbusch, W. (1992). Tastes of Paradise: A Social History of Spices, Stimulants and Intoxicants. New York: Pantheon Books.

Schmidt, D. (1991). Use of Intoxicants in Denmark. National Board of Health, Copenhagen.

Schmidt, J. and Popham, R.E. (1978). The single distribution theory of alcohol consumption: A rejoinder to the critique of Parker and Harman. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39: 400-419.

Schmutte, G.T, Leonard, K.E., and Taylor, S.P. (1979). Alcohol and expectations of attack. Psychological Reports, 45: 163-167.

Schoenstein, R. (1974). The Booze Book: the joy of drink; stories, poems, ballads. Chicago: Playboy Press.

Schramm, C.J. et al. (1978). Workers who Drink. Lexington MA: Lexington Books.

Schwartz, N.B. (1978). Drinking patterns, drunks and maturity in a Petén town (Guatemala). Sociologus (n.s), 28: 35-53.

Schwartz, T. and Romanucci-Ross, L. (1974). Drinking and inebriate behavior in the Admiralty Islands. Ethos, 2: 213-231.

Schwarz, R.M. (1982). Sensation-seeking and anxiety as factors in social drinking by men. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43: 1108-1114.

Sclare, A.B. (1975). Drinking habits in Scotland. International Journal Of Offender Therapy And Comparative Criminlogy, 19: 241-249.

Scott, J.P. (1992). Aggression: functions and control in social systems. Aggressive Behaviour, 18: 1-20.

Segal, B.M. (1986). The Soviet heavy-drinking culture and the American heavy-drinking subculture. In T.F. Babor (ed.), Alcohol and Culture: Comparative Perspectives from Europe and America. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.

Segal, B.M. (1987). Russian Drinking: Use and Abuse of Alcohol in Pre-revolutionary Russia. New Brunswick: Rutgers Centre of Alcohol Studies.

Segal, B.M. (1990). The Drunken Society: alcohol abuse and alcoholism in the Soviet Union – a comparative study. New York: Hippocrene Books.

Segal, B.M. (1991). Homelessness and Drinking: A Study of a Street Population. New York: Haworth Press.

Seller, S. (1984). Attributes of alcohol in the New Testament. Drinking and Drug Practices Surveyor, 19: 18-22.

Selvanathan, E.A. (1991). Cross-country alcohol comparison: An application of the Rotterdam demand system. Economics, 23: 1613-1622.

Seppa, K., Sillanaukee, P (1992). Heavy drinking among middle-aged women. Alkoholipolitiikka, 57 (6): 394-399.

Seps, D. (1992). Alcohol problems in the Latvian cultural and political context. In J. Simpura and C. Tigerstedt (eds.), Social Problems around the Baltic Sea: Report from the Baltica Study. Helsinki: Nordic Council for Alcohol and Drug Research.

Serjeant, R. (1964). A Man May Drink: Aspects of a Pleasure. London: Putnam.

Shadwell, T (1675). The Delights of the Bottle; or, The Town-Galants Declaration for Women and Wine – A Ballad. London: Rawl.

Shakmatov, V.P. (1987). P’ianstvo, Prestupnost’, Ootvetstvenost’ (Drunkenness, Criminality, Responsibility). Moscow: Krasnoiarsk Book Publishers.

Sher, K.J. (1985). Subjective effects of alcohol: the influence of setting and individual differences in alcohol expectancies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46: 137-146.

Sherman, M.L. (1985). We can share the women, we can share the wine: The regulation of alcohol advertising on television. Southern California Law Review, 58(4): 1107-1145.

Shiman, L.L. (1986). Crusade Against Drink in Victorian England. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Shokuhin, S.Shibun-sha. (1989). The Japanese Liquor Market. Tokyo: Ishii Tsutomu.

Shore, J.H. (1989). Transcultural research ran amok or Arctic Hysteria. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 2(3): 46-50.

Shore, R.S. and Luce, J.M. (1976). To Your Health: The Pleasures, Problems and Politics of Alcohol. New York: Seabury Press.

Shukla, B.R.K. (1978). Religious and convivial use of intoxicants in a North Indian village. Eastern Anthropologist, 31: 511-520.

Shukla, B.R.K. (1987). Drinks and drugs in a North Indian village: An anthropological study. Lucknow: Ethnographic and folk culture society.

Sigelman, C., et al. (1992). Views of problem drinking among native American, Hispanic and Anglo children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 22 (4): 265-276.

Signorielli, N. (1987). Drinking, sex and violence on television: The cultural indicators perspective. Journal of Drug Education, 17(3): 245-260.

Silbert, F. (1983). The United States and alcohol consumption. Histoire, 59: 88-90.

Simboli, B.J. (1985). Acculturated Italian-American drinking behavior. In L.A. Bennett and G.M. Ames (eds.), The American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives. New York: Plenum Press.

Simmons, O.G. (1962). Ambivalence and the learning of drinking behavior in a Peruvian Community. In D.J. Pittman and C.R. Snyder (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Simmons, O.G. (1968). The sociocultural integration of alcohol use: A Peruvian study. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 29: 152-171.

Simpura, J. (1981). Drinking habits in Finland and Scotland. International Journal of Addictions, 16: 1129-1141.

Simpura, J. (1983). Drinking Contexts and Social Meanings of Drinking. A Study of Finnish Drinking Occasions. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies.

Simpura, J. (1987b). Components of changes in alcohol consumption. In J. Simpura (ed), Drinking Habits in Finland: Results from interview surveys, 1968, 1976 and 1984. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies.

Simpura, J. (1988). Trends in drinking habits in the Nordic countries since the mid-1970s. Alkoholpolitiikka, 53: 283-293.

Simpura, J. (1989a). Drinking habits in the Nordic countries in the 1980s. A comparison of survey results. In International Congress on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 35th, Oslo 1988, Proceedings, Vol 4: papers. Oslo: National Directorate for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems.

Simpura, J. (1989b). Drinking in pubs and restaurants in Finland in the year 1984. Alkoholipolitiikka, 54 (2): 50-56.

Simpura, J. (1989c). Finnish boozing today. Alkoholipolitiikka, 54 (3): 100-111.

Simpura, J. (1990). Drinking: an ignored leisure activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 17 (3): 200-211.

Simpura, J. (1991). Studying norms and contexts of drinking. Contemporary Drug Problems, 18 (3): 477-498.

Simpura, J. (1995). Alcohol in eastern Europe: market prospects, prevention puzzles. Addiction. 90; 467-470.

Simpura, J. (1997). Alcohol and European transformation. Addiction. 92(Supplement 1): 33-41.

Simpura, J. (ed) (1987a). Drinking Habits in Finland: Results from interview surveys, 1968, 1976 and 1984. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies.

Simpura, J. (ed.) (1979). Suomalaisten juomatavat vuosina 1969 ja 1976; juomiskertojen lukumäärä ja ominaisuudet. (Finnish drinking habits in 1969 and 1976; the number and attributes of drinking occasions). Helsinki: Social Research Institute of Alcohol Studies – Report No. 126.

Simpura, J., Fahrenkrug, H., Hyttinen, M. and Thorsen, T. (1990). Drinking, everyday life situations and cultural norms in Denmark, Finland and West Germany: an experiment with non-active role playing. Journal of Drug Issues, 20: 403-416.

Singer, K. (1972). Drinking patterns and alcoholism in the Chinese. British Journal of Addictions, 67: 3-14.

Singer, M. (1980). The function of sobriety among Black Hebrews. Journal of Operational Psychiatry, 11, 2: 162-168.

Singer, M. (1986). Toward a political economy of alcoholism: The missing link in the anthrpology of drinking: Special issue: Toward a critical medical anthropology. Social Science and Medicine, 23(2): 113-130.

Single, E. (1982). Intercorporate connections of the alcohol industry in Canada. Contemporary Drug Problems, 11: 545-567.

Single, E. (1987). The control of public drinking: The impact of the environment on alcohol problems. In D. Holder (ed.), Control Issues in Alcohol Abuse Prevention: Strategies for States and Communities, Supplement No.1. Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press.

Single, E. (1990). The Development of Alcohol Policies in Federal Countries. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Single, E. and Storm, T. (1985). Public Drinking and Public Policy. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.

Single, E. and Wortley, S. (1993). Drinking in various settings as it relates to demographic variables and level of consumption: Findings from a national survey in Canada. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54: 590-599.

Single, E., Morgan, P. and Lint, J.de (1981). Alcohol, Society and the State, Vol. 2: The Social History of Control Policy in Seven Countries. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.

Siverts, H. (ed.) (1972). Drinking Patterns in Highland Chiapas. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget.

Sjöberg, L. (1991). Alkoholens Risker – Upplevda Och Verkliga. Nordisk Alkohol Tidsskrift, 8: 253-267.

Skog, O.J. (1980). Social issues and the distribution of alcohol consumption. Journal of Drug Issues, 10: 71-92.

Skog, O.J. (1982). Estimating Magnitudes and Trends of Alcohol-Related Problems: A Critical Appraisal. Oslo: National Institute for Alcohol Research.

Skog, O.J. (1985). The Collectivity of Drinking Cultures. British Journal of Addiction, 80: 83-99.

Skog, O.J. (1986). The long waves of alcohol consumption: A social network perspective. Social Networks, 8: 1-32.

Skog, O.J. (1990a). Alcohol in a social network perspective: Implications for epidemiology. Alcologia, 2: 13-21.

Skog, O.J. (1990b). Future trends in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: Anticipations in light of the efforts at harmonization in the European community. Contemporary Drug Problems, 17: 575-593.

Skog, O.J. (1991). Drinking and the distribution of alcohol consumption. In D.J. Pittman and H.R. White (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns Reexamined. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.

Smart, R.G. (1976). The New Drinkers: Teenage use and abuse of alcohol. Addiction Research Foundation: Toronto.

Smart, R.G. (1988). Does alcohol advertising affect overall consumption? A review of empirical studies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49(4): 314-323.

Smart, R.G. (1989). Is the postwar drinking binge ending? Cross-national trends in per capita alcohol consumption. British Journal of the Addictions, 84: 743-748.

Smart, R.G. (1991). World trends in alcohol consumption. World Health Forum, Geneva, 12: 99-103.

Smart, R.G. and Medina Mora, M-A. (1986). Alcohol-control policies in Latin America and other countries. In T. Babor (ed.), Alcohol and Culture: Comparative Perspectives from Europe and America. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.

Smart, R.G. and Patterson, S.D. (1990). Comparison of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among students and delinquents in the Bahamas. Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, 24 (1): 39-45.

Smart, R.J. and Cutler, R.E. (1976). The alcohol advertising ban in British Columbia: problems and effects on beverage consumption. British Journal of Addiction, 71: 13-21.

Smith, A. (1991). The issue of alcohol as a theme in evangelical ethics. Zeitschrift Fur Evangelische Ethik, 35(2): 139-148.

Smith, D. (1986). Drinking and imprisonment in late Victorian and Edwardian Scotland. Histoire Sociale, 19(37): 161-176.

Smith, D.E. and Pike, L.B. (1994). Relationship between Jamaican adolescents’ drinking partners and self-image: A cross-cultural study. Adolescence, 29: 429-437.

Smith, D.I. and Burvill, P.W. (1987). Effect on juvenile crime of lowering the drinking age in three Australian states. British Journal of Addiction, 82: 181-188.

Smith, M.J., Abbey, A. and Scott, R.O. (1993). Reasons for drinking alcohol: Their relationship to psychosocial variables and alcohol consumption. International Journal of the Addictions, 28(9): 881-908.

Snow, G.E. (1991). Socialism, alcoholism and the Russian working classes before 1917. In S. Barrows and R. Room (eds.), Drinking: Behavior and Belief in Modern History. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Snyder, C.R. (1958). Alcohol and the Jews: A Cultural Study of Drinking and Sobriety. Yale Center of Studies on Alcohol.

Snyder, C.R. (1962). Culture and Jewish sobriety: the ingroup-outgroup factor. In D.J. Pittman and C.R. Snyder (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Snyder, C.R. (1978). Alcohol and the Jews: A Cultural Study of Drinking and Sobriety. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

Snyder, C.R. (1982). Alcoholism among Jews in Israel: A pilot study, research rationale and a look at the ethnic factor. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43: 623-654.

Sorensen, A.A. and Cutter, H.S.G. (1982). Mystical experience, drinking behavior and the reasons for drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43: 588-592.

Sournica, J.C. (1990). History of Alcoholism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Sparrow, M., Brazeau, R., Collins, H. and Morrison, R.A. (1989). Alcoholic Beverage Taxation and Control Policies: International Survey. Ottowa: Brewers Association of Canada.

Spathopoulos, E. and Bertram, S. (1991). Drug and Alcohol Research Among Non-English Speaking Background Communities in Australia: Literature Review. Sydney: Drug and Alcohol Multicultural Education Centre.

Spiegler, D., Tate, D., Aitken, S. and Christian, C. (eds.) (1989). Alcohol Use Among U.S. Ethnic Minorities. NIAAA Research Monograph No 18. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.

Spiller, B. (1972). Victorian Public Houses. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.

Spode, H. (1991). Alkohol und Zivilisation: Berauschung, Ernüchterung und Tischsitten in Deutschland bis zum beginn des 20. Berlin: Tara-Verlag Hartmut Hensel.

Spode, H. (1993). Historiche Alkoholforschung – Trends und Perspektiven: Zum Zweiten Internationalen Kongress uber Sozialgeschichte des Alkohols. Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegning, 29(2): 209-213.

Spradley, J.P. (1970). You Owe Yourself a Drunk: An Ethnography of Urban Nomads. New York: Little, Brown and Co.

Spradley, J.P. and Mann, B.J. (1975). The Cocktail Waitress: Woman’s Work in a Man’s World. New York: Wiley.

Spring, J.A. and Buss, D.H. (1977). Three centuries of alcohol in the British diet. Nature, 270: 567-572.

Stammer, M.E. (1991). Women and Alcohol: The Journey Back. New York: Gardner Press.

Standing Conference On Crime Prevention. (1986). Report of the Working Group on the Prevention of Violence Associated with Licensed Premises. London: The Home Office.

Standing Conference On Crime Prevention. (1987). Report of the Working Group on Young People and Alcohol. London: The Home Office.

Stanislawski, D. (1975). Dionysus westward: Early religion and the economic geography of wine. Geographical Review, 65: 427-441.

Steckley, G.F. (1980). The wine economy of Tenerife in the seventeenth century: Anglo-Spanish partnership in a luxury trade. Economic History Review, 33: 335-350.

Steele, C.M. and Southwick, L. (1985). Alcohol and social behavior 1: the psychology of drunken excess. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1: 18-34.

Stein, H.F. (1990). In what systems do alcohol/chemical addictions make sense? Clinical ideologies and practices as cultural metaphors. Social Science and Medicine, 30(9): 987-1000.

Steinkraus, K.H. (1979). Nutritionally significant indigenous foods involving alcoholic fermentation. In C. Gastineau., W. Darby and T. Turner (eds.), Fermented Food Beverages in Nutrition. New York: Academic Press.

Stevens, S.M. (1981). Alcohol and world view: A study of the Passsamaquoddy alcohol use. In D.B. Heath., J.O. Waddell and M.L. Topper (eds.), Cultural Factors in Alcohol Research and Treatment of Drinking Problems. New Brunswick, NJ: Journal of Alcohol Studies Supplement 9.

Stewart, J. (1989). Drinkers, Drummers and Decent Folk: Ethnographic Narratives of Village Trinidad. Albany: SUNY Press.

Stewart, M. (1992). I can’t drink beer, I’ve just drunk water: Alcohol, bodily substance and commensality among Hungarian Rom. In D. Gefou-Madianou (ed.), Alcohol, Gender and Culture. London: Routledge.

Stimmel, B. (ed.) (1984). Cultural and Sociological Aspects of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. New York: Haworth.

Stivers, R. (1976). A Hair of the Dog: Irish Drinking and American Sterotypes. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania University Press.

Stivers, R. (1978). Irish ethnicity and alcohol use. Medical Anthropology, 2(4): 121-135.

Stockwell, T. (1997). Liquor outlets and prevention policy: The need for light in dark corners. Addiction. 92(8). 925-930.

Stockwell, T.R. (ed.) (1993). An Examination of the Appropriateness and Efficacy of Liquor Licensing Laws Across Australia. Report No. 5 of the National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence 1-3 December 1993. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services.

Stockwell, T.R., Somerford, P. and Lang, E. (1991). The measurement of harmful outcomes following drinking on licensed premises. Drug Alcohol Review, 10: 99-106.

Stockwell, T.R., Somerford, P. and Lang, E. (1992). The relationship between license type and alcohol-related problems attributed to licensed premises in Perth, Western Australia. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53: 495-498.

Stone, G. (1962). Drinking styles and status arrangements. In D.J. Pittman and C.R. Snyder (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns. New York: Wiley.

Storm, T. and Cutler, R.E. (1981). Observations of drinking in natural settings: Vancouver beer parlours and cocktail lounges. Journal of studies on Alcohol, 42: 972-997.

Strate, L. (1991). The cultural meaning of beer commercials. Advances in Consumer Research, 18: 115-119.

Stratton, R., Zeiner, A. and Paredes, A. (1978). Tribal affiliations and prevalence of alcohol problems. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39: 1116-1177.

Straus, R. (1976). Problem drinking in the perspective of social change. In W.J. Filstead., J.J. Rossi and M. Keller (eds.), Alcohol and Alcohol Problems: New Thinking and New Directions. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

Straus, R. (1982). The social costs of alcohol in the perspective of change, 1945-1980. In E.L. Gomberg., H.R. White and J.A. Carpenter (eds.), Alcohol, Science and Society Revisited. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Stull, D.D. (1975). Hologeistic studies of drinking: A critique. Drinking and Drug Practices Surveyor, 10: 4-10.

Sue, D. (1987). Use and abuse of alcohol by Asian Americans. Journal of Psychactive Drugs, 19: 57-66.

Sue, S., Kitano, H.H.L., Hatanako, H. and Yeung, W-T. (1985). Alcohol consumption among Chinese in the United States. In L.A. Bennett and G.M. Ames (eds.), The American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives. New York: Plenum Press.

Sue, S., Zane, N. and Iti, J. (1979). Alcohol drinking patterns among Asian and Caucasian Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 10: 41-56.

Sugden, B.H. (1972). The British pub: Its history, current developments and future trends. Era, 25: 14-15.

Sulkunen, I. (1985). Temperence as a civic religion: The cultural foundation of the Finnish working class temperence ideology. Contemporary Drug Problems, 12: 267-285.

Sulkunen, P. (1976). Drinking patterns and the level of alcohol consumption: an international overview. In R.J. Giddins, et al. (eds.), Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, Volume 3. New York: Wiley Medical.

Sulkunen, P. (1983). Alcohol consumption and the transformation of living conditions. A comparative study. In R.J. Gibbins et al (Eds.), Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, Vol 8. New York: Plenum.

Sulkunen, P. (1985a). Lähiöravintola (The Local Pub). Helsinki: Otava.

Sulkunen, P. (1985b). The suburban pub in Finland: a male domain. In E. Single and T. Storm (eds.), Public Drinking and Public Policy. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.

Sulkunen, P. (1986). Why is alcohol consumption declining in France? An analysis by socio-professional groups. Alkoholipolitiikka, 3 (4): 191-199.

Sulkunen, P. (1988). A la recherche de la modernité. Boissons et buveurs en France aujourd’hui. Interprétation par un étranger. Reports from the Social Research Institute of Alcohol Studies 178, Helsinki.

Sulkunen, P. (1989). Drinking in France 1965-1979. An analysis of household consumption data. British Journal of Addiction, 84: 61-72.

Sulkunen, P. (1994). The conservative mind: Why does the new middle class hate alcohol control? Addiction Research, 1: 295-308.

Suryani, L.K., Adnyana, T.A. and Jensen, G.D. (1990). Palm wine drinking in a Balinese village: environmental influences. The International Journal of the Addictions, 25 (8): 911-920.

Suuronen, K. (1973). Traditional Festive Drinking in Finland According to an Ethnographical Questionnaire. Social Research Institute of Alcohol Studies Report 76, Helsinki.

Suwaki, H. (1995). Towards a healthy balance between alcohol and society in Japan – a symbolic issue of alcoholic vending machines. Addiction. 90(2); 183-184.

Sykes, R.E., Rowley, R.D. and Schaefer, J.M. (1990). Effects of group participation on drinking behaviours in public bars: An observational survey. Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 5(4): 385-402.

Szala-Meneok, K. (1994). Christmas janneying and easter drinking: symbolic inversion, contingency and ritual time in coastal Labrador. Arctic Anthropology, 31(1): 103-116.

Takei, Y., Lynch, P. and Charleston, G.M. (1988). To drink or not to drink: The Indian adolescents’ choice between friends and family. Journal of American Indian Education, 27: 1-9.

Takano, T., Nakamura, K. and Watanabe, M. (1996). Increased female drinking in accordance with post-industrial urbanisation in Japan. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 31(1): 41-49

Tannahill, R. (1988). Food In History. London: Penguin.

Taylor, A. (1992). The Guinness Book of Traditional Pub Games. Enfield: Guinness Publishing Limited.

Taylor, S.P. and Gammon, C.B. (1975). Effects of dose and type of alcohol on human physical aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32: 169-175.

Taylor, S.P. and Leonard, K.E. (1983). Alcohol and human physical aggression. In Green, R.G. and Donnerstein, E.J. (eds.), Aggression: Theoretical and Empirical Reviews. Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press.

Taylor, W.B. (1979). Drinking, Homicide and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Teahan, J.E. (1987). Alcohol expectancies, values and drinking of Irish and U.S. collegians. International Journal of the Addictions, 22: 621-638.

Teahan, J.E. (1988). Alcohol expectancies of Irish and Canadian alcoholics. The International Journal of the Addictions, 23: 1057-1070.

Tejera, J., et al. (1991). Alcohol intake in a small rural village. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26 (3): 361-366.

Temple, M. (1986). Trends in collegiate drinking in California. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47 (4): 274-282.

The Portman Group. (1994). Alcohol and Young People: Learning to Cope. A conference held by the Addictions Forum in association with The Portman Group and The Alcohol Research Group, University of Edinburgh on October 7th 1992 at The Royal College of Physicians, London. London: The Portman Group.

Thijs, A.K.L. (1990). The mandamant from Bacchus: an Antwerp pub crawl in 1580. Revue Belge de Philogie et D’histoire. 68(4): 1004-1006.

Thom.B. (1994). Women and alcohol: The emergence of a risk group. In M. McDonald (ed.), Gender, Drink and Drugs. Oxford: Berg.

Thomas, A.E. (1978). Class and sociability among urban workers: A study of the bar as social club. Medical Anthropology, 2 (4): 9-30.

Thomas, R.K. (1981). The history of North American Indian alcohol use as a community-based phenomenon. In D.B. Heath., J.O. Waddell and M.L. Topper (eds.), Cultural Factors in Alcohol Research and Treatment of Drinking Problems. New Brunswick, NJ: Journal of Alcohol Studies Supplement 9.

Thombs, D.L. (1993). Effects of social context and gender on drinking patterns of young adults. The Counseling Psychologist, 40.

Thompson, K.M. (1989). Gender and adolescent drinking problems: The effects of occupational structure. Social Problems, 36, 1: 30-47.

Thorne, R. (1980). Places of refreshment in the nineteenth-century city. In A.D. King (ed.), Buildings and Society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.

Thornton, M.A. (1987). Sekt versus schnapps in an Austrian village. In M. Douglas (ed.), Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thorsen, T. (1988). Danskerne drikker mere end som så. Alkohol – og Narkotikadebat, 33: 16-21.

Thorsen, T. (1990). Hundrede års Alkoholmisbrug (One Hundred Years of Alcohol Abuse). København: FADL.

Thun, M.J., et al. (1997). Alcohol consumption and mortality in middle-aged and elderly US adults. New England Journal of Medicine. 337; 1705-0714.

Tigerstedt, C. (1990). The European Community and the alcohol policy dimension. Contemporary Drug Problems, 17: 461-479.

Tipton, K.F. and Badawy, A.A.-B. (1997). The Dublin principles of cooperation. Alcoholism & Alcoholism. 32(6): 637.

Toit, B. Du (1977). Drugs, Rituals and Altered States of Consciousness. Rotterdam: Halkema.

Toit, B. Du. (1991). Cannabis, Alcohol and the South African Student: Adolescent Drug Use, 1974-1985. Athens, Ohio: Ohio Center for International Studies.

Tomsen, S., Homel, R. and Thommeny, J. (1989). The Causes of Public Violence: Situational Versus Other Factors. Paper presented at the National Conference on Violence, Canberra Australia 1989.

Tongue, A. (1978). 5,000 years of drinking. In J. Ewing and B. Rouse (eds.), Drinking:  Alcohol in American society, issues and current research. Chicago: Nelson Hall.

Topper, M.L. (1974). Drinking patterns, culture change, sociability and Navajo adolescents. Addictive Diseases, 1: 97-116.

Topper, M.L. (1980). Drinking as an expression of status: Navajo male adolescents. In J.O. Waddell and M.W. Everett (eds.), Drinking Behavior among Southwestern Indians: An Anthropological Perspective. Tucson: Univeristy of Arizona Press.

Topper, M.L. (1981). Drinker’s story: An important but often forgotten source of data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 9: 73-86.

Toren, C. (1989). Drinking cash: the purification of money through ceremonial exchange in Fiji. In J. Parry and M. Bloch (eds.), Money and the Morality of Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Toren, C. (1994). The drinker as chief or rebel: Kava and alcohol in Fiji. In M. McDonald (ed.), Gender, Drink and Drugs. Oxford: Berg.

Touhami, M. and Bouktib, M. (1990). A study on attitudes among Moroccan medical students towards the use of alcohol: Preliminary results. In J. Maula., M. Lindblad and C. Tigerstedt (eds.), Alcohol in Developing Countries. Helsinki: Nordic Council for Alcohol and Drug Research.

Towle, L.H. (1988). Japanese-American drinking: some results from the joint Japanese-U.S. alcohol epidemiology project. Alcohol Health and Research World, 12: 216-223.

Traeen, B. and Nordlund, S. (1993). Visiting public drinking places in Oslo: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Addiction. 88(9): 1215-1224.

Træen, B. and Rossow, I (1994). Social characteristics of urban café guests in Norway. Addiction, 89: 999-1006.

Treml, V. (1982). Alcohol in the USSR: A Statistical Study. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Treno, A.J., Parker, R.N. and Holder, H.D. (1993). Understanding United States alcohol consumption with social and economic factors: A multivariate time-series analysis, 1950-1986. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54(2): 146-156.

Trentini, G. (1989). Vino e civilta: I mutamenti in atto (Wine and civilization: Changes in the making). Archivo di Psicologia, Nerologia e Psichiatria, 50(3): 558-571.

Tropman, J.E. (1986). Conflict in Culture: Permissions versus Controls and Alcohol Use in American Society. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Trotter, M.T. (1985). Mexican-American experience with alcohol: South Texas examples. In L.A. Bennett and G.M. Ames (eds.), The American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives. New York: Plenum Press.

Trotter, T. (1804/1988). An Essay, Medical, Philosophical and Chemical on Drunkenness and its Effects on the Human Body. London: Longman(1804), Routledge (1988).

Trowell, J. (1993). Drinking Behaviour and Women. Proceedings of the 22nd International Medical Advisory Conference, London.

Trsise, C.E. (1983). Tavern Treasures: A Book of Pub Collectables. Poole: Blandford Press.

Tryzno, W., Pedagogiki, M., Grvdziak-Sobczy, E., Prawn, N. and Marowski, J. (1989). The role of the family in alcohol education and alcohol abuse in Poland. Medical Law International, 8: 267-273.

Tsunoda, T., et al. (1992). The effect of acculturation on drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans in Hawaii and California. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53: 369-377.

Tuck, M. (1980). Alcoholism and Social Policy: Are we on the Right Lines?. London: HMSO.

Tuck, M. (1989). Drinking and Disorder: A Study of Non-Metropolitan Violence. London: HMSO.

Tucker, J.A., Vuchinich, R.E. and Sobell, M.B. (1982). Alcohol’s effects on human emotions: A review of the stimulation/depression hypothesis. The International Journal of the Addictions, 17(1): 155-180.

Turner, J.W. (1986). The water of life: kava ritual and the logic of sacrifice. Ethnology, 25 (3): 203-214.

Turner, J.W. (1992). Ritual, habitus and hierarchy in Fiji. Ethnology, 31: 291-302.

Turner, N.H., Ramirez, G.Y., Higginbotham, J.C., Markides, K., Wygant, A.C. and Black, S. (1994). Triethnic alcohol use and religion, family and gender. Journal of Religion and Health, 33(4): 341-352.

Tyrrell, I.R. (1979). Temperance and economic change in the ante-bellum north. In J.S. Blocker, Alcohol, Reform and Society: The Liquor Issue in Social Context. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Tyrrell, I.R. (1982). Drink and Temperance in the Antebellum South: An overview and interpretation. Journal of Southern History, 48(4): 485-510.

UK Server Training Group. (1993). Promoting Responsible Retailing: UK Initiatives in Alcohol Server Training. Conference Report. [no place]: UK Server Training Group.

Ullman, A.D. (1958). Sociocultural backgrounds of alcoholism. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 315: 48-54.

Urakov, I.G. and Mirosnicenko (1989). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In M. Plant (ed.), Alcohol-related problems in high-risk groups. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation.

Urbanowicz, C.F. (1975). Drinking in the Polynesian kingdom of Tonga. Ethnohistory, 22: 33-50.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1991). Healthy People 2000: National health promotion and disease prevention objectives. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Vaillant, G.E. (1987). The Natural History of Alcoholism. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Van Gennep, A. (1960). The Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Van Reek, J., Adriaanse, H. and Knibbe, R. (1994). Alcohol consumption and correlates among children in the European community. International Journal of the Addictions, 29: 15-21.

Van Reek, J., et al. (1991). Policy relevance of a survey on smoking and drinking behaviour among Dutch school children. Health Policy, 18 (3): 261-268.

Van Stone, J. (1980). Drinking at Snowdrift: An Athapaskan example. In J. Hamer and J. Steinberg (eds.), Alcohol and Native Peoples of the North. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Van-Gelooven, R.M.W., Diederiks, J.P.M., et al. (1990). Drinking situations in everyday life in the Netherlands. Alkoholpolitik, 7 (1): 24-35.

Varma.V.K., Singh, A., Singh, S. and Malhotra, A. (1981). Extent and pattern of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in north India. In D. Mohan., H.E. Sethi and E. Tongue (eds.), Current Research in Drug Abuse in India. New Delhi: AIIMS.

Verkko, V. (1944). Alkohollagsstiftningens innverkan pa brottsligheten i Finland (The influence of alcohol legislation on criminality in Finland). Helsinki: Säderström.

Vernon, J. (1990). Alcohol and Crime. Proceedings of a Conference Held 4-6 April 1989. Canberra, A.C.T, Australian Institute of Criminology.

Verschuren, P.M. (ed.) (1993). Health Issues Related to Alcohol Consumption. Washington: International Life Sciences Institute.

Victorian Community Council Against Violence. (1990). Violence In and Around Licensed Premises. Melbourne: Victorian Community Council Against Violence.

Villalbi, J.R. (1991). Prevalence and determinants of alcohol consumption among school children in Barcelona, Spain. Journal of School Health, 61 (3): 123-126.

Villard, P. (1988, 1989). Recherches sur l’Ivresse dans le Monde Grec. Lille: A.N.R.T.

Vines, G. (1994). I’m relaxed, you’re drunk. New Scientist, 10th December: 35-38.

Vogel-Sprott, M. (1992). Alcohol Tolerance and Social Drinking: Learning the Consequences. New York: Guildford Press.

Vogt, I. (1984). Defining alcohol problems as a repressive mechanism: Its formative phase in imperial Germany and its strength today. Innternational Journal of the Addictions, 19 (5): 551-569.

Vogt, I. (1985). Macht Alkohol gewalttätig? Über den Zusammenhang von Alkohol und Delinquenz. Drogalkohol, 9: 119-136.

Vogt, I. (1989). Ferderal Republic of Germany. In M. Plant (ed.), Alcohol-related problems in high risk groups. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation.

Vuchinich, R., et al. (1979). Alcohol, cognitive labelling and mirth. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88: 641-651.

Waahlberg, R.B. (1987). Campana para reducir el consumo de alcohol en Noruga. Foro Mundial de la Salud, 8 (1): 12-16.

Waddell, J.O. (1973). "Drink, friend!" Social contexts of convivial drinking and drunkenness among Papago Indians in an urban setting. In M. Chafetz (ed.), Proceedings of of the First Annual Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Rockville, MD: United States Department of Health and Human Services.

Waddell, J.O. (1975). For individual power and social credit: The use of alcohol among Tucson Papagos. Human Organization, 34: 9-15.

Waddell, J.O. (1976a). From tank to townhouse: Probing the impact of a legal reform on the drinking styles of urban Papago Indians. Urban Anthropology, 5: 187-198.

Waddell, J.O. (1976b). The role of the cactus wine ritual in the Papago Indian ecosystem. In A. Bharati (ed.), Rituals, Cults, Shamanism: The Realm of the Extra-Human, Volume 2. The Hague: Mouton.

Waddell, J.O. (1979). Alcoholic intoxication as a component of the Papago Indian system of experiential reality. Journal of Ultimate Reality and Meaning, 2: 4ff.

Waddell, J.O. (1980a). Drinking as a means of articulating social and cultural values: Papagos in an urban setting. In J.O. Waddell and M.W. Everett (eds.), Drinking Behavior among Southwestern Indians: An Anthropological Perspective. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

Waddell, J.O. (1980b). Similarities and variations in alcohol use in four Native American societies in the Southwest. In J.O. Waddell and M.W. Everett (eds.), Drinking Behavior among Southwestern Indians: An Anthropological Perspective. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

Waddell, J.O. (1980c). The use of intoxicating beverages among native peoples of the aboriginal Greater Southwest. In J.O. Waddell and M.W. Everett (eds.), Drinking Behavior among Southwestern Indians: An Anthropological Perspective. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

Waddell, J.O. (1981a). Cultural relativity and alcohol use: implications for research and treatment. Journal of studies on alcohol, Supplement 9: 18-28.

Waddell, J.O. (1981b). Cultural relativity and alcohol use: Implications for research and treatment. In D.B. Heath., J.O. Waddell and M.L. Topper (eds.), Cultural Factors in Alcohol Research and Treatment of Drinking Problems. New Brunswick, NJ: Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement 9.

Waddell, J.O. (1990). Playing the paradox: Papago Indian management of reservation/off-reservation prohibition policies. Contemporary Drug Problems, 17 (2): 271-292.

Waddell, J.O. and Everett, M.W. (eds.) (1980). Drinking Behavior among Southwestern Indians: An Anthropological Perspective. Tucson: Arizona Press.

Wafer, L. (1934). A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America. Oxford: The Hakluyt Society.

Wagenaar, A.C. (1982). Aggregate beer and wine consumption: Effects of changes in the minimum legal drinking age and a mandatory beverage container deposit law in Michigan. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43: 469-487.

Wald, I., Morawski, J. and Moskalewicz, J. (1985). Poland. In M. Grant (ed), Alcohol Policies. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.

Walker, S.J. (1993). Gender ideology and drinking norms: Content analysis of alcohol advertisements in selected magazines, 1973 to 1988. Dissertation Abstracts International: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 54 (3): 1101.

Wallace, A. and Travis, G. (1993). The Incidence/Prevalence of Alcohol Use and Violence in the Australian Comunity: Final Report. Report No.1 of the National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence 1-3 December 1993. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services.

Wallace, A., et al. (1993). Alcohol and Violence Against Women and Children in the Home: Final Report. Report No. 4 of The National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence 1-3 December 1993. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services.

Wallack, L. (1984). Television programming, advertising and the prevention of alcohol-related problems. In D.R. Gernstein (ed.), Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business and Community Action. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Wallack, L. (1992). Warning: The alcohol industry is not your friend? British Journal of Addiction, 87 (Editorial): 1109-1111.

Wallack, L., Breed, W. and Cruz, J. (1987). Alcohol on prime-time television. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48(1): 33-39.

Walsh, B. (1980). Drinking in Ireland: A review of trends in alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems and policies toward alcohol. The Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin.

Walsh, B. and Grant, M. (1985). Public Health Implications of Alcohol Production and Trade. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

Walsh, B., et al. (1985). The alcohol trade and its effects on public health. World Health Forum, 6 (3): 195-121.

Walsh, D. (1984). Les problemes medico-sociaux liés à la consommation d’alcool et leur prevention. La Santé Publique en Europe.

Walsh, V.A. (1990). Drowning the shamrock: Drink, teetotalism and the Irish Catholics of gilded-age Pittsburgh. Journal of American Ethnic History, 10: 60-79.

Walton, H. (1987). An Ethnographic Study of a Moss Side Pub. Manchester: University of Manchester.

Ward, I., Morawski, J. and Moskalewicz, Z. (1985). Poland. In M. Grant (ed.), Alcohol Policies. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation.

Ward, Y. (1993). A Bottle in the Cupboard: Women and Alcohol. Dublin: Attic Press.

Washburne, C. (1961). Primitive Drinking. New York and New Haven: College and University Press.

Waterson, M.J. (1983). Advertising and Alcohol Abuse. London: Advertising Association.

Watson, J., et al. (1985). Alcohol use among migrant labourers in Western New York. Journal of studies on Alcohol, 46 (5): 403-411.

Watts, T.D. (1991). The parameters of social thought on alcoholism. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Dependence, 36(2): 26-31.

Watts, T.D. and Wright, R. (1986). Black Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Praeger.

Waxer, P.H. (1992). Alcohol Consumption in television programming in three English-speaking cultures. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 27 (2): 195-200.

Weatherspoon, A.J., et al. (1994). Alcohol consumption and use norms among Chinese Americans and Korean Americans. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55: 203-206.

Wechsler, H. and McFadden, M. (1979). Drinking among college students in New England: Extent, social correlates and consequences of alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 40: 969-996.

Weibel, O.J. (1990). American Indians and prohibition: Effect or affect? Views from the reservation and the city. Contemporary Drug Problems, 17(2): 293-322.

Weill, J. and LeBourhis, B. (1991). The amount of alcohol intake and some associated factors in a representative sample of 691 French boys aged 13-18. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 28: 193-187.

Weill, J. and LeBourhis, B. (1994). Factors predictive of alcohol consumption in a representative sample of French male teenagers: A five-year prospective study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 35: 45-50.

Weinberg, T.S. (1994). Gay Men, Drinking and Alcoholism. Carbondale: Southerm Illinois University Press.

Weismantel, M.J. (1991). Maize beer and Andean social transformations, drunken Indians, bread babies and chosen women. Modern Language Notes (MLN), 106(4): 861-879.

Weisner, T.S. (1984). ‘Serious drinking’, ‘white man’s drinking’ and ‘teetotalling’: Drinking levels and styles in an urban American Indian population. Journal of studies on Alcohol, 45: 237-250.

Weiss, S. (1991a). Adult women’s drinking in Israel: A review of the literature. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26 (3): 277-283.

Weiss, S. (1997). Israeli Arab and Jewish youth knowledge and opinion about alcohol warning labels: pre-intervention data. Alcoholism & Alcoholism. 32(3): 251-257.

Weiss, S. and Eldar, P. (1987). Alcohol and alcohol problems research 14. Israel. British Journal of Addiction, 82: 227-235.

Weiss, S. and Moore, M. (1990). Cultural differences in the perception of magazine alcohol advertisements by Israeli Jewish, Moslem, Druze and Christian high school students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 26: 209-215.

Weiss, S. and Moore, M. (1991b). Alcohol drinking habits of Israeli Jewish, Moslem and Druze adolescents in the north of Israel in 1990. Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 28: 20-28.

Weiss, S. and Moore, M. (1991c). Non-ritual alcohol drinking practices among high school students from the Kibbutz movement in Israel: Implications for prevention. Journal of Drug Education, 21: 247-254.

Weiss, S. and Moore, M.. (1994). Why, where and with whom do Israeli teenagers drink? To whom do they turn for help worth alcohol problems? Alcoholism & Alcoholism. 29(4): 465-471.

Weiss, S. and Moore, M.. (1995). How do Israeli adolescents of 4 religions obtain alcoholic beverages and where. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse. 4(4): 79-87.

Weiss, W. (1988). Représentations sociales de l’acool, du tabac et du cannabis chez les enfants et les adolescents. Psychotropes, 4(2): 35-49.

Welte, J.W. and Miller, B.A. (1987). Alcohol use by violent and property offenders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 19: 313-324.

Werch, C.E. and Gorman, D.R. (1987). Relationship between self-control and alcohol consumption patterns and problems of college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49: 30-37.

West, E. (1979). The Saloon on the Rocky Mountain Mining Frontier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

West, M.O. (1997). Liquor and libido: ‘Joint drinking’ and the politics of sexual control in colonial Zimbabwe, 1920s-1950s. Journal of Social History. 30(3): 645.

Westermeyer, J.J. (1971). Use of alcohol and opium by the Meo of Laos. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127: 1019-1023.

Westermeyer, J.J. (1974). "The drunken Indian": myths and realities. Psychiatric Annals, 4(11): 29ff.

Westermeyer, J.J. (1984). The role of ethnicity in substance abuse. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 4(1): 9-18.

Westermeyer, J.J. (1985). Hmong drinking practices in the United States: The influence of migration. In L.A. Bennett and G.M. Ames (eds.), The American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives. New York: Plenum Press.

Westermeyer, J.J. (1987). Cultural patterns of drug and alcohol use: An analysis of host and agent in the cultural environment. Bulletin on Narcotics, 39(2): 11-27.

White, H., Brick, J. and Hansell, S. (1993). A longitudinal investigation of alcohol use and aggression in adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Special issue on alcohol and aggression..

White, H.R., Bates, M.E. and Johnson, V. (1991). Learning to Drink: Familial, peer and media influences. In Pittman, D.J. and White, H.R. (eds.), Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns Reexamined. New Brunswick: Rutgers Center for Alcohol Studies.

White, I.R. and McKee, M.. Festive cheer for all?: headaches for alcohol policymakers. British Medical Journal. 315(7123).

White, J.M. (1993). Alcohol-Related Violence: Exploring the Relationship. Report No. 7 of the National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence 1-3 December 1993. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services.

Whitehead, P.C. and Layne, N. (1987). Young female Canadian drinkers: Employment, marital status and heavy drinking. British Journal of Addiction, 82 (2): 169-174.

Whittaker, J.O. (1962). Alcohol and the Standing Rock Sioux tribe. I. The pattern of drinking. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 23: 468-479.

Whittaker, J.O. (1963). Alcohol and the Standing Rock Sioux tribe. II. Psychodynamic and cultural factors in drinking. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 24: 80-90.

Whittaker, J.O. (1982). Alcohol and the Standing Rock Sioux tribe: A twenty year follow-up study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43(3): 191-200.

Wieser, S. (1973). Das Trinkverhalten der Deutschen. Herford: Nicolai.

Wilhelm, D.Z. (1984). A cross-cultural analysis of drinking behaviour within the context of international business. Studies in Third World Societies, 28: 73-88.

Wilkinson, W.V. (1986). Alcohol drinking patterns in a South Texas Mexican American community. Dissertation Abstracts International: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 46 (9): 2823-A.

Wilks, J. (1989). Drinking patterns of Australian tertiary youth. Australian Drug and Alcohol Review, 8: 55-68.

Wilks, J. (1992). Drinking habits of central Queensland adolescents: Local research for local needs. Drug and Alcohol Review, 11(2): 187-191.

Wilks, J. and Callan, V.J. (1984a). Alcohol-related attitudes and stereotypes: Teenagers in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the U.S. Journal of drug education, 14 (2): 119-132.

Wilks, J. and Callan, V.J. (1984b). Drinking habits and alcohol-related beliefs of Australian, Papua New Guinean and American youth. British Journal of Addiction, 79: 419-424.

Wilks, J., Callan, V.J. and Forsyth, S.J. (1985). Cross-cultural perspectives on teenage attitudes to alcohol. International Journal of the Addictions, 20: 547-561.

Williams, M. (1985). Alcohol and ethnic minorities: Asian/ Pacific Americans - an update. Alcohol and Health Research World, 9(2): 64-66.

Williams, P. and Strauss, R. (1950). Drinking patterns of Italians in New Haven. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 11: 51-91.

Williams, S.E. (1980). The use of beverage alcohol as medicine, 1790-1860. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 41: 543-566.

Wilsnack, S.C., Wilsnack, R.W. and Klassen, A.D. (1986). Women’s drinking and drinking problems: Patterns from a 1981 national survey. American Journal of Public Health, 74: 1232-1238.

Wilson, G.B. (1940). Alcohol and the Nation: A Contribution to the Study of the Liquor Problem In the United Kingdom from 1800 to 1935. London: Nicholson & Watson.

Wilson, G.T., Brick, J., Adler, J., Cocco, K. and Breslin, C. (1989). Alcohol and anxiety reduction in female social drinkers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 3: 226-235.

Wilson, P (1980). Drinking in England and Wales. London: HMSO.

Windle, M. and Barnes, G.M. (1988). Similarities and differences in correlates of alcohol consumption and problem behaviors among male and female adolescents. International Journal of the Addictions, 23, 7: 707-728.

Winton, M., et al. (1986). Effects of unemployment on drinking behaviour: a review of the relevant evidence. International Journal of the Addictions, 21: 1261-1283.

Wiseman, J.P. (1981). Sober comportment: patterns and perspectives on alcohol addiction. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 42: 106-126.

Witt, C. (1996). Drinking and death in iron-age Europe: Mediterranean imports and early Celtic style. American Journal of Archaeology. 100(2): 389.

Wittchen, H.-U. and Bronisch, T. (1992). Alcohol use, abuse and dependency in West Germany: Lifetime and six-month prevalence in the Munich follow-up study. In J.E. Helzer and G.J. Canino (eds.), Alcoholism in North America, Europe and Asia. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Wodak, A. (1991). A wider view of alcohol consumption in Australia: The social cost. Medical Journal of Australia, 154: 838-839.

Wolcott, H.F. (1974). African Beer Gardens of Bulawayo: Integrated Drinking in a Segregated Society. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies Monograph 10.

Wolff, P.H. (1972). Ethnic differences in alcohol sensitivity. Science, 175: 449-450.

Wong, M.T.H. (1992). Female Chinese problem drinkers. British Journal of Addiction, 87: 1205-1206.

World Health Organization (1980). Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption: Report of a WHO Expert Commitee [Meeting Held in Geneva from 20 to 26 November 1979]. Geneva: World Health Organization,  Expert Committee on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption.

World Health Organization (1982). La consommation d’alcool et les problemes liés à l’alcool: Exemples illustrant l’élaboration de politiques nationales. Geneva: World Health Organization.

World Health Organization (1990). Alcohol Policies: Perspectives from the USSR and Some Other Countries. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.

World Health Organization (1991a). Inter-Regional Meeting on Alcohol-Related Problems, Tokyo, 2-8 April 1991: Report. Geneva: World Health Organization, Programme on Substance Abuse.

World Health Organization (1991b). Working Group on Intervention Strategies for the Prevention of Alcohol Abuse: Report of a WHO meeting. Geneva: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.

World Health Organization (1992). A European Alcohol Action Plan. Geneva: World Health Organization, Regional Committee For Europe.

World Health Organization (1994). Alcohol Policy and the Public Good. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wright, D. and Chorniawry, C. (1985). Women and drink in Edwardian England. Historical Papers / Communications Historique, 3: 117-131.

Wyllie, A. and Casswell, S. (1988). Drinking In New Zealand: A Survey 1988. Auckland: University of Auckland.

Xiao, J. (1993). On the role played by Chinese medical liquor in keeping good health. Collegium Antropologicum, 17(2): 2319-231.

Yamamuro, B. (1954). Notes on drinking in Japan. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 15: 491-498.

Yanez, J.L., Del Rio, M.C. and Alvarez, F.J.  (1993). Alcohol-related mortality in Spain. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 17: 746-763.

Yates, F., et al. (1984). Drinking in Two North-East Towns: A Survey of the Natural Setting for Prevention. Newcastle: Centre for Alcohol and Drug Studies.

Yawney, C.D. and Popham, R.E. (eds.) (1976). Drinkers and alcoholics in ancient Rome. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 37: 1718-1741.

Yawney, C.D. and Popham, R.E. (eds.) (1977). Symbolism of drinking: A culture-historical approach. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 38: 849-866.

Yguel, J. (1990). Consumption of alcoholic drinks in three different parts of Cameroon. In J. Maula, M. Lindblad and C. Tigerstedt (eds.), Alcohol in Developing Countries. Helsinki: Nordic Council for Alcohol and Drug Research.

Ylalahti, E.L. (1981). Changes in Women’s alcohol use in 1970’s Finland. Alkoholipolitiikka, 46 (1): 3-16.

Youcha, G. (1978). A Dangerous Pleasure. New York: Hawthorn Books.

Young, J. (1979). A Short History of Ale. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.

Young, R.M. and Oei, T.P.S. (1993). Grape expectations: The role of alcohol expectancies in the understanding and treatment of problem drinking. International Journal of Psychology, 28: 337-354.

Young, S., et al. (1993). Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Relationship between Alcohol and Violence. Report No. 3 of the National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence 1-3 December 1993. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services.

Zagar, R., et al. (1990). Homicidal adolescents: A replication. Psychological Reports, 67: 1235-1242.

Zanker, P. (1989). Die Trunkene Alte. Des Lachen der Verhöten. Frankfurt.

Zeichner, A. and Pihl, R.O. (1979). Effects of alcohol and behavior contingencies on human physical aggression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88: 153-160.

Zeichner, A. and Pihl, R.O. (1980). Effects of alcohol and instigator intent on human aggression. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 41: 265-276.

Zielinski, J. (1969). The anti-alcoholism campaign in Poland. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 30: 173-177.