Football Violence
in Europe



Download in PDF

Executive summary

Introduction

Football violence in history

Theoretical and research perspectives

Cross-national variations in football violence in Europe

Media coverage of football hooliganism

Racism and football fans

Football violence and alcohol

Tackling football violence

Selected Bibliography


Selected Bibliography

Abell, H.F. (1903). The football fever. Macmillans Magazine, 89

Adang, O. (1987). Football violence and police measures. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Alberani, S. (1985). Ragazze da stadio. Noi Donne, 11: 63-66.

Allan, J. (1989). Bloody Casuals: Diary of a Football Hooligan. Glasgow: Famedram.

Alt, J. (1983). Sport and cultural reification: From ritual to mass sport. Theory, Culture and Society, 1(3).

Andersson, T. and Radmann, A. (1996). Fans in Scandinavia. Paper given at the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Ansari, L. and Frow, M. (eds) (1994). Kick It! London: Campaign for Racial Equality.

Anti-Fascist Action (1994). Fighting Talk: Football Special . London: Anti-Fascist Action.

Archetti, E.P. (1985). Fútbol, violencia y afirmación masculina. Debates, 3.

Archetti, E.P. (1992). Argentinian football: A ritual of violence? The International Journal of the History of Sport , 9 (2): 209-235.

Archetti, E.P. (1994a). Death and violence in Argentinian football. In R. Giulianotti, N. Bonney and M. Hepworth, Football, Violence and Social Identity. London: Routledge.

Archetti, E.P. (1994b) Masculinity and football: The formation of national identity in Argentina. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Arms, R.L., Russell, G.W. and Sandilands, M.L. (1979). Effects on the hostility of spectators of viewing aggressive sports. Social Psychology Quarterly , 42: 275-279.

Armstrong, G. (1994) False Leeds: The construction of hooligan confrontations. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Armstrong, G. and Harris, R. (1991). Football hooligans: Theory and evidence. Sociological Review , 39 (3): 427-458.

Armstrong, G. and Hobbs, D. (1994). Tackled from behind. In R. Giulianotti, N. Bonney and M. Hepworth (eds), Football, Violence and Social Identity . London: Routledge.

Armstrong, G. et al (1991). The Professional Foul: Covert Policing in Britain: The Case of Soccer. Paper given at the Law and Society Annual Meeting, Amsterdam, June 1991.

Ateyo, D. (1979). Blood and Guts, Violence in Sports. New York: Paddington Press.

Audenaerde, R. van den (1991). Voetbalvandalisme: Een Literatuurstudie en een Terreinverkenning van Fan-Coaching bij R. Antwerp F.C. 1991. (Hooliganism: a Literature Review and an Exploration of Fan-Coaching.)

Back, L., Crabbe, T. and Solomos, J. (1996). Cultures of Racism in Football. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Bailey, P. (1978). Leisure and Class in Victorian England . London: KRP.

Bale, J. (1991). Playing at home: British football and a sense of place. In J. Williams and S. Wagg (eds), British Football and Social Change: Getting into Europe. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Bale, J. (1992). Il pubblico come fonte di topofilia: Il pubblico e lo stadio. In P. Lanfranchi (ed), Il Calcio e il Suo Pubblico. Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.

Barber, G. (1996). Fact Sheet 7: Fan 'power' and democracy in football . Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Beisser, A.R. (1979). The sports fan and recreational violence. Psychiatric Annals, 9: 78-85.

Bennett, P.G., Dando, M.R. and Sharp, R.G. (1980). Using hypergames to model difficult social issues: An approach to the case of soccer hooliganism. Journal of the Operational Research Society , 31: 621-636.

Benson, R. (1993). Football v racism. The Face, March.

Berg, J. (1978). Fernsehen, fußball, fernsehfußball. Ästhetik und Kommunikation , 9 (33).

Blain, N. and Boyle, R. (1994). Battling along the boundaries: Sports journalism and Scottish identity. In G. Jarvie. and G. Walker (eds), Ninety Minute Patriots? Sport in the Making of the Scottish Nation . Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Blain, N., Boyle, R. and O'Donnell, H. (1993). Sport and National Identity in the European Media . Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Blain, N. and O'Donnell, H. (1990). Games Across Frontiers: Issues of National Identity and the Reporting of Italia '90 in the European Press. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Public Communication, University of Navarre, Pamplona, 8-9 November 1991.

Blain, N. and O'Donnell, H. (1994) The stars and flags: Individuality, collective identities and the national dimension in Italia '90 and Wimbledon '91 and '92. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Bogaerde, T. vanden (1991). Bijdrage van de Media tot de Escalatie van het Voetbalvandalisme. (Contribution of the Media to the Escalation of Hooliganism). Gent: Dissertation.

Borgini, F. (1987). La Violenza Negli Stadi . Florence: Manzuoli.

Bott, D. and Hartmann, G. (1986). Die Fans aus der Kurve. Frankfurt.

Boyes, W.J. and Faith, R.L. (1993). Temporal regulation and intertemporal substitution: The effect of banning alcohol at college football games. Public Choice, 77: 595-609.

Boyle, R. (1991). Faithful Through and Through: A Survey of Celtic FC's Most Committed Supporters. National Identity Research Unit, Caledonian University, Glasgow.

Boyle, R. (1994) "We are Celtic supporters…": Questions of football and identity in modern Scotland. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Boyle, R. and O'Donnell, H. (1994). A Semiotic of Violence Actuality: Encoding Football Fan Behaviour at Euro' 92. Paper presented at Screen conference: Glasgow.

Bradley, J.M. (1994). 'Ethnicity': the Irish in Scotland - football, politics and identity. Innovation , 7 (4): 423-439.

Bromberger, C. (1987). L'Olimpique de Marseille, la Juve et la Torino. Espirit , 4.

Bromberger, C. (1990). Ciuccio e fuochi d'artificio: Indagine sul rapporto fra la squadra di calcio napoletana e la sua citta. Micromega , 4.

Broussard, P. (1990). Generation Supporter. Enquete sur le Ultras de Football . Paris: Laffont.

Brown, A. et al (ed) (1994). The United Colours of Football . Liverpool: Football Supporters' Association.

Brown, M. (ed.) (1995). Kick It Again: Uniting Football against racism. London: Commission for Racial Equality.

Brug, H.H. van der (1986). Voetbalvandalisme, Een Speurtocht naar Verklarende Factoren. (Hooliganism: looking for explaining factors). Haarlem: De Vrieseborch.

Brug, H.H. van der (1987). Voetbalvandalisme en Beleid: Een Onderzoek naar de Mogelijkheden en Onmogelijkheden om het Voetbalvandalisme te Bestrijden (Research into the Possibilities and Impossibilities of Tackling Hooliganism). Haarlem: De Vrieseborch.

Brug, H.H. van der (1989a). Voetbalvandalisme in Nerderland . Amsterdam: Stichting Het Persinstut.

Brug, H.H. van der (1989b). The Development of Football Hooliganism in the Netherlands from 1979-1987. EUI paper 124, Florence.

Brug, H.H. van der (1994) Football hooliganism in the Netherlands. In. R. Guilianotti et al (eds) Football, Violence and Social Identity. London:Routledge

Brug, H.H. van der and Meijs, J. (1988). Voetbalvandalisme en de media. Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, 4: 336-347.

Brug, H.H. van der and Meijs, J. (1989). Effectevaluatie Voetbalvandalisme en Jeugdwelzijn. Amsterdam: Stichting Het Persinstituut.

Brug, H.H. van der and Meijs, J. (1991). Dutch High-Risk Supporters at the World Championship Football in Italy. Amsterdam: Stichting Het Persinstituut.

Brussel, B. van. (1987). Voetbalvandalisme en Voetbalgeweld: Een Sociologische Analyse van het Geweld op en rond het veld. (Hooliganism and Football Violence: A Sociological Analysis of Violence in and Around the Field). Leuven: Dissertation.

Buford, B. (1991). Among the Thugs. London: Secker and Warburg.

Bull, D. (1992). We'll Support you Evermore: Keeping Faith in Football . London: Duckworth.

Bunder, D. van (1991). De Politieke Dimensie van het Voetbalvandalisme: Een Enquete naar het Politieke Gedrag van de Vlaamse Hooligan. (The Political Dimension of Hooliganism: A Survey into the Political Orientation of the Flemish Hooligan). Gent: Dissertation.

Bureau criminaliteitspreventie (1991). Eindrapportage Experimenten Voetbalvandalisme en Jeugdwelzijn: Onderzoek naar de Resultaten van een Jeugdwelzijnsbenadering van Voetbalvandalisme in zes Gemeenten. (End Report of the Experiments into Hooliganism and Youth Welfare: Result of a Youth Welfare Approach to Hooliganism in Six Countries.). Gravenhage: Bureau criminaliteitspreventie.

Cachet, A. and Muller, E.R. (1991). Beslissen over voetbalvandalisme: een permanent probleem. (Making decisions about hooliganism: a permanent problem.). Gouda: Quint Arnhem.

Cameron, A. (1976). Circus Factions; Blues and Greens at Rome and Byzantium. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Canter, D., Comber, M. and Uzzell, D. (1989). Football in its Place: An Environmental Psychology of Football Grounds. London: Routledge.

Carroll, R. (1980). Football hooliganism in England. International Review of Sport Psychology, 15: 77-92.

Cashmore. E. (1982). Black Sportsmen. London: Routledge.

Cassell, C. and Rea, J. (1996) Short but sweet? When Saturday Comes, 114.

Cavalli, A. and de Lillo, A. (1989). Giovani anni 80: Secondo Rapporto Iard sulla Condizione Giovanile. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Centre for Leisure Research (1984). Crowd Behaviour at Football Matches: A Study in Scotland . Edinburgh: Centre for Leisure Research.

Chappel, H. (1987). When tempers rise on the terraces. Guardian, 26 August.

Clarke, A. (1992). Figuring a brighter future. In E. Dunning and C. Rojek (eds), Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process . Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Clarke, J. (1973). Football Hooliganism and the Skinheads. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.

Clarke, J. (1978). Football and working class fans: Tradition and change. In R. Ingham et al, Football Hooliganism: The Wider Context. London: Inter-Action.

Coalter, F. (1983). A Study of the Behaviour of Aberdeen Fans at the European Cup Winers Cup Final . Edinburgh: Centre for Leisure Research.

Coalter, F. (1985). Heart of Midlothian F.C.: A Report on the Organisational and Behavioural Aspects of a Trip to Paris. Edinburgh: Centre for Leisure Research.

Coalter, F. (1985). Crowd behaviour at football matches: A study in Scotland. Leisure Studies, 4: 111-117.

Coelho, J. (1996). "On the Border": Some Notes on Football and National Identity in Portugal. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester. 11-13 June 1996.

Cohen, P. (1972). Subcultural conflict and working class community. Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 2.

Cohen, P. and Robins, D. (1978). Knuckle Sandwich: Growing up in the Working Class City . Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Cohen, S. (1971). Folk Devils and Moral Panics . London: Paladin.

Cohen, S. (1973). Campaigning against vandalism. In C. Ward (ed), Vandalism. London: Architectural Press.

Colaers, C. and Limbergen, K. van (1987). The development of football violence as a social problem. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Colaers, C., Limbergen, K. van, and Walgrave, L. (1986). De Maatshappelijke en Socio-Psychologische Achtergronden van het Voetbalvandalisme. Rapport I: Een Literatuurstudie. Leuven: Onderzoeksgroep Jeugdcriminologie, in opdracht vam Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken.

Cole, T. (1988). Football hooliganism. New Society, 83 (1311): 41.

Connett, D. (1993). English football fan jailed for assault on policeman. Independent, 15 October: 5.

Cook, B. (1978). Football crazy?. New Society , 15 June.

Cosgrove, S. (1991). Hampden Babylon: Sex and Scandal in Scottish football . Edinburgh: Canongate Press.

Council of Europe (19 August, 1985). European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in Particular at Football Matches..

Crawford, G. (1996). Fact Sheet 8: British Football on Television. Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Critcher, C. (1979). Football since the war. In J. Clarke, C. Critcher and R. Johnson (eds), Working Class Culture . London.

Croall, J. (1976). Don't Shoot the Goalkeeper . Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Crolley, L., Curran, M., Redmond, L. and Sheahan, A. (1993). Fact Sheet 2: Football after Taylor . Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Crolley, L. (1996). Storming the Castile: Football and National Identity in Spain. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 june 1996.

Dal Lago, A. (1990). Descrizione di una Battaglia: I Rituali del Calcio . Bologna: Il Mulino.

Dal Lago, A. and De Biasi, R. (1994). Italian football fans: Culture and organisation. In R. Giulianotti, N. Bonney and M. Hepworth (eds), Football, Violence and Social Identity . London: Routledge.

Dal Lago, A. and Moscati, R. (1992). Regalateci un Sogno: Miti e Realtà del Tifo Calcistico in Italia. Milano: Bompiani.

Danniau, J. and Van Schotte (1982). Vandalisme bij Voetbalwedstrijden. Gent: Interne politienota.

Darbyshire, N. (1987). Operation own goal. The Independent , 9 May.

Davies, D. (1985). Affluent fans lead fighting. The Observer , 6 June.

Davies, H. (1972). The Glory Game . London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.

Davies, H. (1990a). My Life in Football . Edinburgh: Mainstream.

Davies, H. (1990b). Selling Spurs short. In H. Lansdown, and A. Spillius (eds), Saturday's Boys: The Football Experience . London: Willow Books.

Davies, J. (1986). Superyob! The new breed of sick hooligan striking fear into our soccer clubs. Daily Express, 12 February.

Davies, P. (1991). All Played Out: The Full Story of Italia '90. London: Mandarin.

De Biasi, R. (1992). Comparing English and Italian Football Culture. Paper given at the Soccer, Culture and Identity conference, University of Aberdeen, 2-4 April.

De Biasi, R. (1993). Le culture del calcio: Un'analisi comparativa dei rituali e delle forme del tifo calcistico in Italia e in Inghilterra. Ph.D. Dissertation in Sociology, University of Trento.

De Haes, S. (1994). Bestrijding Voetbalvandalisme. (Tackling hooliganism). Leuven: Dissertation.

Defrance, J. (1995). Sociologie du Sport. Paris: La Découverte.

Delchambre, J.P. (1992). Le blasé et le hooligan. Revue Nouvelle, 95: 43-55.

Department of the Environment (1984). Football Spectator Violence . London: HMSO.

Dobson, J.R. (1996). Consuming Passions: A Working Paper Outlining Some of the Key Changes in Football Club Support, with Regard to Commercial Changes in the Game. Paper presented to the Fanatics! conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Donegan, L. (1993). 600 English fans rounded up. Guardian, 14 October: 1.

Dragadze, T. (1996). Football and National Identity in Georgia. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Duke, V. (1989). The Football Spectators Bill: Whose Problem will it Solve?. Proceedings of the European Congress on violence control in the world of sports, Athens, February 1989.

Duke, V. (1990). Football senza frontiere. Relazioni Internazionale, June: 108-115.

Duke, V. (1990a). Perestroika in progress? The case of spectator sports in Czechoslovakia. British Journal of Sociology, 41: 145-156.

Duke, V. (1990b). The English membership card scheme. In V. Dini and P. Lanfranchi (eds), Traguardi Cultura dello Sport. Firenze: Edizione Scientifiche Italiane.

Duke, V. (1991a). The Politics of football in the new Europe. In Williams, J. and Wagg, S. (eds), Getting into Europe: British Football and Social Change. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Duke, V. (1991b). The sociology of football: A research agenda for the 1990s. Sociological Review , 39 (3): 627-645.

Duke, V. (1996). Playing in the Right Language: Football in Belgium. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester. 11-13 June 1996.

Dunand, M.A. (1986). Violence et panique dans le stade de football de Bruxelles en 1985: Approche psychosociale des evenements. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 6 (3): 235-266.

Duncan, M.C. (1983). The symbolic dimensions of spectator sport. Quest , 35 (1):

Dunning, E. (1981). Social bonding and the socio-genesis of violence. In A. Tomlinson (ed), The Sociological Study of Sport: Configurational and Interpretive Studies. Eastbourne: Brighton Polytechnic.

Dunning, E. (1986). Sport as a male preserve: Notes on the social source of masculine identity and its transformations. In N. Elias and E. Dunning, Quest for Excitement. Oxford: Blackwell

Dunning, E. (1994). The social roots of football hooliganism: A reply to the critics of the 'Leicester School'. In R. Giulianotti, N. Bonney and M. Hepworth (eds), Football, Violence and Social Identity. London: Routledge.

Dunning, E. and Murphy, P. (1984). Working Class Bonding and the Socio-Genesis of Football Hooliganism. Final Research Report. London: Social Science Research Council.

Dunning, E. and Sheard, K. (1979). Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players . London: Martin Robertson.

Dunning, E. et al (1981). Ordered segmentation and the socio-genesis of football hooligan violence: A critique of Marsh's 'ritualised aggression' hypothesis and the outline of a sociological alternative. In A. Tomlinson (ed), The Sociological Study of Sport: Configurational and Interpretive Studies . Eastbourne: Brighton Polytechnic, Chelsea School of Human Movement.

Dunning, E. et al (1983). Football hooligan violence before the First World War: Preliminary sociological reflections on some research findings. In Tomlinson. A., Explorations in Football Culture. Eastbourne: Brighton Polytechnic, Chelsea School of Human Movement.

Dunning, E., Maguire, J., Murphy, P. and Williams, J. (1982). The social roots of football hooliganism. Leisure Studies, 1 (2): 139-156.

Dunning, E., Murphy, P. and Waddington, I. (1991). Anthropological versus sociological approaches to the study of soccer hooliganism: Some critical notes. Sociological Review, 39 (3): 459-478.

Dunning, E., Murphy, P. and Williams, J. (1981). 'If you think you're hard enough'. New Society, 27 Aug: 342-344.

Dunning, E., Murphy, P. and Williams, J. (1986a). Casuals, terrace crews and fighting firms: Towards a sociological explanation of football hooligan behaviour. In D. Riches (ed), The Anthropology of Violence . Oxford: Blackwell.

Dunning, E., Murphy, P. and Williams, J. (1986b). Spectator violence at football matches: Towards a sociological explanation. British Journal of Sociology, 37 (2): 221-244.

Dunning, E., Murphy, P. and Williams, J. (1988). The Roots of Football Hooliganism: An Historical and Sociological Study. London: Routledge.

Dunning, E., Murphy, P., Williams, J. and Maguire, J. (1984). Football hooliganism before the First World War. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 19: 215-240.

Edelman, R. (1996). Nationalism, Fans and Football in the former Soviet Union. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Ehrenberg, A. (1985). Les hooligans ou la passion d'être égal. Esprit, 8: 7-14.

Ehrenberg, A. (1987). Sport, religion et violence. Esprit, 4: 63-70.

Ehrenberg, A. (1991). Le Culte de la Performance. Paris: Calmann-Levy.

Eichberg, H. (1992). Crisis and grace: Soccer in Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 2: 119-128.

Ekkers, C. and Hoefnagels, G. (1972). Agressie en Straf op het Voetbalveld . Meppel: Boom.

Elias, N. and Dunning, E. (1966). Dynamics of group sports with special reference to football. The British Journal of Sociology, 17.

Elias, N. and Dunning, E. (1970). The quest for excitement in unexcited societies. In G. Luschen (ed), The Cross-Cultural Analysis of Sport and Games . Champaign: Stipes.

Elias, N. and Dunning, E. (1986). Quest for Excitement. Oxford: Blackwell.

Elias, N. and Dunning, E. (1994). Sport et Civilisation: La Violence Maîtrisée. Paris: Fayard.

Elliot, D. and Smith, D. (1993). Football stadia disasters in the United Kingdom: Learning from tragedy?. Industial and Environmental Crisis Quarterly, 7 (3): 205-229.

European Parliament (25 April 1996). Report on hooliganism and the free movement of football supporters committee on civil liberties and internal affairs. European Parliment: Session Document.

Evans, A. (1986). Freedom of trade under the Common Law and European Community Law: The case of the football bans. Law Quarterly Review , 102.

Fabrizio, F. (1976). Sport e Fascismo. Rimini: Guaraldi.

Fabrizio, F. (1977). Storia dello Sport in Italia. Rimini: Guaraldi.

Fenton, B. and Holden, W. (1993). 950 held in swoop on soccer hooligans. Daily Telegraph , 14 October: 1.

Ferrarotti, F. (1982). A propsito del tifo. Ulisse, 43: 89-96.

Finn, G. (1987). Casual Talk and Casual Observation: The Phenomenon of the "Soccer Casuals". Invited paper to the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Scottish Branch of the British Psychological Society, Glasgow.

Finn, G. (1989). "Tae be there an' that": The Creation of Social Realities and Social Identities Among the Football "Casuals". Paper to the Annual Conference of the Scottish Branch of the British Psychological Society, Glasgow, September.

Finn, G.. (1991a). Racism, Religion and Social Prejudice: Irish Catholic clubs, soccer and Scottish society - I. The historical roots of prejudice. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 8 (1).

Finn, G (1991b). Racism, Religion and Social Prejudice: Irish Catholic clubs, soccer and Scottish society. II - Social identities and conspiracy theories. International Journal of the History of Sport, 8 (3): 370-397.

Finn, G. (1993). Faith, hope and bigotry: Case-studies of anti-Catholic prejudice in Scottish soccer and society. In G, Jarvie and G. Walker (eds), Ninety Minute Patriots: Scottish sport in the making of a nation. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Finn, G. (1994 a). Sporting symbols, sporting identities: Soccer and inter-group conflict in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In I.S. Wood (ed), Scotland and Ulster . Edinburgh: Mercat Press.

Finn, G. (1994b). Football Violence: A societal psychological perspective. In R. Giulianotti, N. Bonney and M. Hepworth (eds), Football, Violence and Social Identity . London: Routledge.

Finn, G. (1994c). Racism, Religion and Social Prejudice: Irish Catholic clubs, soccer and Scottish society. III - Rangers and conspiracy theories. International Journal of the History of Sport,.

Finn, G. and Giulianotti, R. (1996). A Sense of Scotland: Scottish Identities, Scottish Football and England. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Forsyth, R. (1990). The Only Game: The Scots and World Football . Edinburgh: Mainstream.

Foster, J. and Road, A. (1985). Fans predicted soccer riot that caught police and BR on the hop. The Observer , 17 March: 4.

Frankenberg, R. (1991). Cultural aspects of football: Introduction. Sociological Review , 39 (3): 423-424.

Free, M. (1996). Republic of Ireland Supporters and Irish Identity in Birmingham. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Friske, J. (1992). The Cultural Economy of Fandom. In L. Lewis (ed), The Adoring Audience . London: Routledge.

Fynn, A. and Guest, L. (1994). Out of Time: Why Football Isn't Working. Simon and Schuster.

Fynn, A., Guest, L. and Law, P. (1989). The Secret Life of Football . London: Queen Anne Press.

Garland, J. and Rowe, M. (1995). Pitch Battles. Police Review , 20th October 1995: 22-24.

Garland, J. and Rowe, M. (1996a). Racism at Work: A study of professional Football. The International Journal of Risk, Security and Crime Prevention, 1 (3): [Not yet available].

Garland, J. and Rowe, M. (1996b). Racism and anti-racism in English Football. In U. Merkel and W. Tokorski (eds.), Racism and Xenophobia in European Football. Germany: Meyer & Meyer.

Gaskell, G. and Pearton, R. (1979). Aggression and sport. In J.H. Goldstein (ed), Sports, Games and Play. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates.

Gaspar, J., Honorio, F., Honorio, J. and Simeos, J.M. (1982). Transformaceos recentes na geografia do futebol em Portugal. Finisterra, C.E.G., 17 (34): 301-324.

Gehrmann, S. (1978). Fußball in einer Industrieregion. Das biespiel Schalke 04. In J. Reulecke and W. Weber, Fabrik, Familie, Feierabend. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte des Alltags im Industriezeitalter . Wuppertal.

Gehrmann,S. (1994) Football and identity in the Rhur: The case of Schalke 04. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Geuens, A. (1989). Voetbalvandalisme Vierde weer Hoogtij in Engeland: Exploratief Onderzoek naar de Rol van de Pers bij de Besmetting van de Belgische Voetbalscene in de Jaren 70. (Hooliganism rides again in England: explorative research into the role of the press in the contamination of the Belgian football scene in the seventies).. Leuven: Dissertation.

Giltay Veth, N.J.P. (voorzitter) (1981). Rapport van de Commissie Veilig Voetbalbezoek..

Giulianotti, R. (1989). A critical overview of British sociological investigations into soccer hooliganism in Scotland and Britain. Working Papers on Football Violence, 1.

Giulianotti, R. (1991). Scotland's tartan army in Italy: The case for the carnivalesque. Sociological Review , 39 (3): 503-527.

Giulianotti, R. (1992). Hibs boys disturb the Leiges in casual fashion. The Herald , 13 October.

Giulianotti, R. (1993a). Soccer Casuals as Cultural Intermediaries: The politics of Scottish style. In S. Redhead (ed), The Passion and the Fashion. Aldershot: Avebury.

Giulianotti, R. (1993b). A Model of the Carnivalesque? Scottish football fans at the 1992 European Championship finals in Sweden and beyond. Working Papers in Popular Cultural Studies , 6.

Giulianotti, R. (1994a). Keep it in the family: An outline of the social ontology of Hibs Casuals. In R. Giulianotti and J. Williams (eds), Football, Identity and Modernity: Fans and Players in the World Game. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Giulianotti, R. (1994b). Scoring Away from Home: A statistical survey of Scotland football fans at international matches in Romania and Sweden. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 29 (2): 171-200.

Giulianotti, R. (1994c). Scotland, drink and drugs: Another generation of casualties?. In P. Lanfranchi and F. Accame (eds), Gli Aspetti Sociali del Fenomeno della Droga nello Sport. Roma: Soc. Stampa Sportiva.

Giulianotti, R. (1994d). Social identity and public order: Political and academic discourses on football violence. In R. Giulianotti, N. Bonney and M. Hepworth (eds), Football, Violence and Social Identity . London: Routledge.

Giulianotti, R. (1995a). Football and the politics of carnival: An ethnographic study of Scottish fans in Sweden. International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 30 (2): 191-223.

Giulianotti, R. (1995b). Participant observation and research into football hooliganism: Reflections on the problems of entree and everyday risks. Sociology of Sport Journal , 12 (1): 1-20.

Giulianotti, R., Bonney, N. and Hepworth, M. (eds) (1994). Football, Violence and Social Identity. London: Routledge.

Giuilianotti, R. and Wlliams, J. (eds) (1994). Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena.

Golby, J.M. and Purdue, A.W. (1984). The Civilisation of the Crowd: Popular Culture in England 1750-1900. London: Batsford.

Goldberg, A. and Wagg, S. (1991). It's not a knockout: English football and globalisation. In J. Williams and S. Wagg (eds), British Football and Social Change: Getting into Europe. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Goodbody, J. (1993a). Dutch to deport 30 football hooligans. The Times, 12 October: 5.

Goodbody, J. (1993b). Major promises action to stop football hooligans. The Times, 15 October: 2.

Govaert, S. and Comeron, M. (1995). Foot et Violence: Politique, Stades et Hooligans. Heysel 85. Brussels: De Boeck.

Grayson, E. (1979). We must beat the hooligan. Sport and Recreation , 20 (4): 28.

Green, G. (1953). A History of the Football Association . London: Naldrett.

Green, L. (1993). Fact Sheet 5: Women and football . Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Greenberg, P.S. and Whelton, C. (1977). Wild in the Stands. New Times , 9 (10).

Grossberg, L. (1992). Is there a fan in the house? The affective sensibility of fandom. In L. Lewis (ed), The Adoring Audience. London: Routledge.

Guicciardi, M. and Salvini, A. (1988). La Psicologia dell'Atleta. Milano: Giuffrè.

Guttman, A. (1986). Sport Spectators. New York: Columbia University Press.

Hahn, E. (1987). Politics and violence in soccer in Europe and the F.R.G.. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Hahn, E., Pilz, G., Stollenwerk, H.J. and Weis, K. (1988). Fanverhalten, Massenmedien und Gewalt im Sport . Schorndorf.

Hall, S. (1978). The treatment of football hooliganism in the press. In R. Ingham (ed), Football Hooliganism: The Wider Context . London: Interaction.

Hall, S. and Jefferson, T. (eds) (1976). Resistance Through Rituals. London: Hutchinson.

Hall, S., Clarke, J., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T. and Roberts, B. (1978). Policing the Crisis. London: Macmillan.

Hardy, A. (1985). Five years for hooligan "general". Guardian , 22 May.

Hargreaves, J. (1986). Sport, Power and Culture . Cambridge: Polity.

Harper, C. (1991). Casual Encounters. Police Review , 272-273.

Harré, R. (1988). Il teppismo nel football inglese. In A. Salvini, Il Rito Aggressivo. Firenze: Giunti.

Harré, R. and Secord, P. (1972) The Explanation of Social Behaviour. Oxford: Blackwell

Harrington, J.A. (1968). Soccer Hooliganism. Bristol: John Wright.

Harrison, P. (1974). Soccer's tribal wars. New Society , 29: 692-694.

Hart, P. and Pijnenburg, B. (1988). Het Heizeldrama: Rampzalig Organiseren en Kritieke Beslissingen (The Heysel drama: disastorous organisation and crucial decisions). Alpen aan den Rijn: Samson.

Hartsuiker, J.P. (voorzitter) (1977). Rapport van de Projectgroep Vandalisme van Voetbalsupporters..

Haynes, R. (1993). Marching on together. In S. Redhead. (ed), The Passion and the Fashion . Aldershot: Avebury.

Haynes, R. (1995). The Football Imagination: The Rise of Football Fanzine Culture . Aldershot: Arena.

Hayward, T. (1995). Fact Sheet 9: A History of Female Football Fans. Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Heitmann, H. (1983). Samstag ist Feiertag. Rebellion in den Stadien - zum Phanomen Jugendlicher Fußballfans. Berlin: Diplomarbeit.

Heitmeyer, W. and Peter, I. (1988). Jugendliche Fußballfans. Soziale und politische Orientierungen, Gesellungsformen, Gewalt. Weinheim und München.

Henley Centre for Forecasting (1991). F.A. Blueprint for Football . Oxford: Henley Centre.

Herbertz, C. and Salewski, W. (1985). Fußballfans und Gewalttater . Munchen.

Hill, D. (1989a)…. And the crowd goes bananas. The Independent, 4 March: 27.

Hill, D. (1989b). Out of His Skin: The John Barnes Phenomenon . London: Faber and Faber.

Hills, G. and Benson, R. (1993). Casuals. The Face, August.

Hobbs, D. and Robins, D. (1991). The boy done good: Football violence, changes and continuities. Sociological Review , 39 (3): 551-579.

Hoberman, J.M. (1988). Politica e Sport. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Holland, B. (1994). Racial Attacks and Harassment in and around Football Grounds. Home Affairs Committee Report.

Holland, B. (1995). Kicking Racism Out of Football: An assessment of racial harassment in and around football grounds. New Community, 21 (4).

Holt, R. (1986). Working class football and the city: The problem of continuity. British Journal of Sports History , 3: 5.

Holt, R. (1988). Football and the urban way of life. In J.A. Mangan (ed), Pleasure, Profit, Proselytism: British Culture and Sport at Home and Abroad . London: Cass.

Holt, R. (1990). Sport and the British: A Modern History . Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Home Affairs Committee (1990). Policing Football Hooliganism: Memoranda of Evidence . London: HMSO.

Home Affairs Committee (1991). Policing Football Hooliganism: Second Report. London: HMSO.

Hooper, J. (1988). When fun turns to violence. Guardian, 16 August.

Hopcraft, A. (1971). The Football Man. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Horak, R. (1990). Fussballkultur in Österreich von den Englischen Anfängen zum Österreichischen Ende. SWS - Rundschau, 3.

Horak, R. (1991a). Football spectators in Vienna. From the local club supporter to the soccer-interested consumer. Paper presented at the NASSS Conference, 6-9 November 1991, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Horak, R. (1991b). Things change: Trends in Austrian football hooliganism from 1977-1990. Sociological Review, 39 (3): 531-548.

Horak, R. (1992). Viennese football culture: Some remarks on its history and sociology. Innovation in Social Sciences Research , 5 (4).

Horak, R. (1994) Austrification as modernization: Changes in Viennese football culture. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Horak, R. and Maderthaner, W. (1992). Vom Fußballspielen in Wien. Überlegungen zu einem popularkulturellen Phänomen der Zwischenkriegszeit. In P. Muhr, P. Feyerabend and C. Wegeler (eds), Philosophie, Psychoanalyse, Emigration. Festschrift für Kurt Rudolf Fischer. Vienna.

Horak, R., Reiter, W. and Stocker, K. (1985). "'Hooliganism" Theoretische Überlegungen zur und erste Empirisch-Systematische Überprüfung der Fußballgewalt in Österreich, Projectbericht. Wien.

Horak, R., Reiter, W. and Stocker, K. (1987). Football violence in Austria: A report on a study of fan subculture and soccer hooliganism. In O'Brien, T. (ed), Proceedings of the European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic

Horak, R., Reiter, W. and Stocker, K. (1988). Ein Spiel Dauert Länge als 90 Minuten. Fußball und Gewalt in Europa. Hamburg.

Hornby, N. (1992). Fever Pitch: A Fan's Life . London: Gollancz.

Hortleder, G. (1974). Die Faszination des Fußballspiels. Frankfurt.

Houlihan, B. (1990). The politics of sports policy: The examples of football hooliganism and drug abuse. Leisure Studies, 9: 55-69.

Houlihan, B. (1991). The Government and Politics of Sport. London: Routledge.

Hutchinson, J. (1975) Some aspects of football crowds before 1914. In. The Working Class. University of Sussex Conference Report

Igbinovia, P. (1985). Soccer hooliganism in Black Africa. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 29.

Ingham, R. (1985). The psychology of the crowd: A psychological analysis of British football hooliganism. Medicine, Science and the Law , 25 (1): 53-58.

Ingham, R. et al (1978). Football Hooligansim: The Wider Context. London: Inter-Action.

Inglis, S. (1990). Farewell to the terraces. Weekend Guardian , 3 February: 24-25.

Jacobson, S. (1975). Chelsea rule - okay. New Society , 31 (651).

James, G. (1989). From Maine Men to Banana Citizens . Nottingham: Temple Press.

Jary, D., Horne, J. and Bucke, T. (1991). Football "Fanzines" and football culture: A case of successful "cultural contestation". Sociological Review , 39 (3): 581-597.

Jensen, J. (1992). Fandom as pathology: The consequences of characterisation. In L. Lewis (ed), The Adoring Audience. London: Routledge.

Jeu, B. (1987). Analyse du Sport. Paris: PUF.

John, M. (1992). Bürgersport, massenattraktion und medienereignis. Zur kultur - und sozialgeschichte des fußballspiels in Osterreich. Beiträge zur historischen Sozialkunde, 3.

Johnson, A. (1988). Police covert operation sends "Para Army" hooligans to gaol. Guardian , 2 June.

Johnson, W.O. (1993). The agony of victory. Sports Illustrated , 5 July: 31-37.

Jones, M.N. (1969). Soccer Hooliganism in the Metropolitan Police District. Management Services Reports 8/9 and 19/20.

Jones, N. (1986). Hooligans: The forgotten side. New Society, 29 Aug: 16-18.

Jones, S.G. (1988). Sport, Politics and the Working Class . Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Kastler, K. (1972). Fußballsport in Österreich. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Linz: ?.

Keating, F. (1985). Fans who get their kicks off the field. Guardian , 9 May.

Keel, P. (1987a). Diary of a soccer thug. Guardian, 9 May.

Keel, P. (1987b). Four fans led football violence campaign. Guardian, 9 May: 1.

Keel, P. (1987c). Slashed fan identified mob boss, court told. Guardian, 8 January.

Keel, P. (1987d). Terraces of terror. Guardian, 9 May: 19.

Keeton, G.W. (1972). The Football Revolution: A Study of the Changing Pattern of Association Football . Devon: David and Charles.

Kerr, J.H. (1988a). High arousal in football hooliganism. In M.J. Apter, J.H. Kerr and M.P. Cowles (eds), Progress in Reversal Theory. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Kerr, J.H. (1988b). Soccer hooliganism and the search for excitement. In M.J. Apter, J.H. Kerr and M.P. Cowles (eds), Progress in Reversal Theory . Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Kerr, J.H. (1994) Understanding Soccer Hooliganism. Buckingham: Open University Press

Kieskamp, W. (1993). ME'er: Die Engelse supporters hebben recht op excuses. (Mobile unit member, i.e. riot police: The English have a right to an apology). Trouw , 15 October: 1.

King, A. (1995). Outline of a practical theory of football violence. Sociology - The Journal of the British Sociological Association , 29 (4): 635-651.

King, A. (1996). The Lads: Masculinity and the New Consumption of Football. Paper presented at the Fanatics! Conference, 11-13 June 1996.

Korr, C. (1986). West Ham United . London: Duckworth.

Kurt, R. (1994). United We Stood . Wilmslow: Sigma Leisure.

Landelijk Overleg Voetbalvandalisme (10 June 1987). Bestrijding Voetbalvandalisme (Tackling Hooliganism). Eindrapport van het Landelijk Overleg Voetbalvandalisme, vastgesteld in de vergadering van 10 Juni 1987 (End report of the National Council…).

Lanfranchi, P. (ed) (1992). Il Calcio e il suo Pubblico. Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.

Lanfranchi, P. (1994) Exporting football: Notes on the development of football in Europe. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Lang, Sir J. (1969). Report of the Working Party on Crowd Behaviour at Football Matches. London: HMSO.

Leeds Trades Union Council and Leeds Anti-Fascist Action (1988). Terror on Our Terraces: The National Front, Football Violence and Leeds United . Leeds: Leeds Trades Union Council and Leeds Anti-Fascist Action.

Lever, J. (1969a). Soccer as a Brazilian way of life. In G.P. Stone (ed), Games, Sport and Power . New Brunswick, New Jersey: Trans-Action.

Lever, J. (1969b). Soccer: opium of the Brazilian people. Transaction, 7.

Lever, J. (1983). Soccer Madness. Chicago: UCP.

Levine, P. and Vinten-Johansen, P. (1981). The historical perspective: Violence and sport. Arena Review , 5 (1): 22-30.

Lewis, J.M. (1982a). Crowd control at English football matches. Sociological Focus, 15 (4): 417-423.

Lewis, J.M. (1982b). Fan violence: An American social problem. In J.M. Lewis (ed), Research in Social Problems and Public Policy . JAI Press.

Lewis, J.M. (1989). A value-added analysis of the Heysel stadium soccer riot. Current Psychology, 8: 15-29.

Lewis, L. (ed) (1992). The Adoring Audience. London: Routledge.

Lightbown, C. (1989). Millwall in the Community. Millwall: Millwall F.C..

Limbergen, K. van (1992). Aspects sociopsychologiques de l'hooliganisme: Une vision criminologique. Revue Pouvoirs, 61: 117-130.

Limbergen, K. van and Colaers, C. (1989). The societal and psycho-sociological background of football hooliganism. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 8: 4-14.

Limbergen, K. van and Vertongen, B. (1991). Mondiale '90: Ciao Hooligans . Brugge: Vanden Broele.

Limbergen, K. van and Walgrave, L. (1988). Sides, Fans en Hooligans: Voetbalvandalisme: Feiten, Achtergronden en Aanpak. (Facts, Background and How to Tackle it). Acco Leuven: Dissertation.

Limbergen, K. van., Colaers, C. and Walgrave, L (1987). Resultaten van een Systematisch Empirisch Onderzoek in het Belgisch Eersteklassevoetbal, Competitie 1986-1987. De maatschappelijke en aocio-psychologische achtergronden van het voetbalvandalisme: Rapport 2. (The societal and socio-psychological background of hooliganism: report 2).

Limbergen, K. van., Colaers, C. and Walgrave, L. (1989). The societal and psycho-sociological background of football hooligans. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 8 (1): 4-14.

Lindner, R. (1980). Die Fußballfans. Ansichten vom Zuschauer . Frankfurt.

Lindner, R. (1983). Der Satz "Der Ball ist Rund" Hat eine Gewisse Philosphische Tiefe. Sport, Kultur, Zivilisation. Berlin.

Lindström, P. and Olsson, M. (1995)Det Obegripliga Våldet. Forskninggsrådsnämnden

Maguire, J. (1986) The emergence of football spectating as a social problem: 1880 - 1985: A figurational and developmental perspective. Sociology of Sport Journal, 3: 217-244

Mann, L. and Pearce, P (1978). Social psychology of the sports spectator. In D. Glencross (ed), Psychology and Sport. Sydney: McGraw-Hill.

Marples, M. (1954). A History of Football . London: Secker and Warburg.

Marques, M. (1987). Youth commitment in football fan associations: The Juve Leo case. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Marschik, M. (1991). Arbeiterfußball im Austromarxismus. In Horak, R. and Reiter, W. (eds), Die Kanten des Runden Leders. Beiträge zur Europäischen Fußballkultur . Vienna.

Marschik, M. (1992). Wir Spielen nicht zum Vergnügen Arbeiterfussball in der Erstern Republik. Vienna.

Marsh, P. (1975). Understanding Aggro. New Society, 32: 7-9.

Marsh, P. (1977). Football Hooliganism: Fact or Fiction?. British Journal of Law and Society, 2: 256-259.

Marsh, P. (1978a). Aggro: The Illusion of Violence . London: Dent.

Marsh, P. (1978b). A critique of the Sports Council / SSRC Report 'Public Disorder and Sporting Events'. In R. Ingham (ed), Football Hooliganism: The Wider Context . London: Inter-Action.

Marsh, P. (1978c). Life and careers on the soccer terraces. In R. Ingham (ed), Football Hooliganism: The Wider Context . London: Inter Action.

Marsh, P. (1980). Leben und "Laufbahnen" auf den Fußballrängen. In R. Linder (Hrsg.), Der Fußballfan. Frankfurt: Syndikat.

Marsh, P. (1982). Social order on the British soccer terraces. International Social Science Journal , 2: 257-266.

Marsh, P. (1982b) Rhetorics of violence. In P. Marsh and A. Campbell (eds) Aggression and Violence. Oxford: Blackwell

Marsh, P. (1983) Rules in the organization of action: Empirical studies. In R. Harré and M. von Cranach (eds) The Analysis of Action: Some Recent Theoretical and Empirical Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Marsh, P. (1984) Calcio come rito e rituali nel calcio. In Violenza e Sport: Atti del Convegno Internationale. Roma: Fondazione Giulio Onesti

Marsh, P. (1988) Tribes. London: Pyramid

Marsh, P. (1989). Destroying the myths of football hooliganism. Guardian, 26 May.

Marsh, P. and Campbell, A. (eds) (1982) Aggression and Violence. Oxford: Blackwell

Marsh, P. and Fox, K. (1992) Drinking and Public Disorder. London: Portman Group

Marsh, P. and Harré, R. (1978). The world of football hooliganism. Human Nature, 1: 62-69.

Marsh, P. and Harré, R. (1981). The world of football hooligans. In M. Hart and S. Birrell (eds), Sport in the Sociocultural Process. Dubuque: William C. Brown Company Publishers.

Marsh, P., Rosser E, and Harré, R. (1978). The Rules of Disorder. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Translated, 1984, Le Regole del Disordine. Milano: Giuffrè.

Marx, G.T. (1972). Issueless riots. In J.F. Short and M.E. Wolfgang (eds), Collective Violence. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.

Mason, T. (1980). Association Football and English Society 1863-1915. Brighton: Harvester.

Mathias, P. (1991). Football fans: Fanatics or friends? Journal of Community and Applied Psychology, 1 (1): 29-32.

Mattheeuws, G. (1990). De Bestrijding van he Voetbalvandalisme bij Club Brugge. (Tackling hooliganism at Club Brugge). Leuven: Dissertation.

McDevitt, R. (1994). Long Nights and Red Lights: the memoirs of a Scottish football supporter.

Melnick, M.J. (1986). The mythology of football hooliganism: A closer look at the British experience. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 21 (1): 1-19.

Middleman, N. and Williams, J. (1993). Policing Football Matches. Leicester: University of Leicester

Miermans, C. (1955). Voetbal in Nederland: Maatschappelijke en Sportieve Aspecten. Assen: Van Gorcum.

Mignon, P. (1987). Profession de Foi: Supporter. Esprit, 8: 1-5.

Mignon, P. (1994) New supporter cultures and identity in France: The case of Paris Saint-Germain. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Milson, F. and Swannell, R. (1976). Football Hooliganism and Vandalism . Birmingham: Westhill College of Education.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1984). Professional football and working class culture: English theories and Scottish evidence. Sociological Review, 32 (2): 285-315.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1986a). It's goals that count? Football finance and football subcultures. Sociology of Sport Journal , 3: 245-260.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1986b). Repressed Nationalism and Professional Football: Scotland versus England. In J. Mangan and R. Small (eds), Sport, Culture, Society . London: E. and F.N. Spon.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1987). Scotland against England: Football and popular culture. International Journal of the History of Sport , 4: 189-202.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1989). "We're off to Wembley": the history of a Scottish event and the sociology of football hooliganism. In D. McCrone and S. Kendrick (eds), The Making of Scotland: Nation, Culture, Change. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1990). Shooting stars: Footballers and working class culture in twentieth century Scotland. In R. Holt (ed), Sport and the Working Class in Modern Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1991a). Football hooligans: Old bottle, new whines?. Sociological Review, 39 (3): 498-502.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1991b). On the periphery: Scotland, Scottish football and the new Europe. In J. Williams and S. Wagg (eds), British Football and Social Change: Getting into Europe. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Moorhouse, H.F. (1994). From Zines Like These? Fanzines, tradition and identity in Scottish football. In G. Jarvie and G. Walker (eds), Scottish Sport in the Making of the Nation: Ninety Minute Patriots?. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Mormando, V. (1996). Professional football in Italy: Structure and organisation with particular reference to minor football. Paper presented to International Conference for Euro 96 at Leicester City Football Club, 30/31 May 1996.

Morris, D. (1981). The Soccer Tribe. London: Jonathan Cape.

Moscati, R. (1988). La violenza negli stadi e i giovani. In Labos, Giovani e Violenza. Rome: T.E.R..

Mullin, J., Donegan, L. and Ward, D. (1993). Dutch papers back fans' criticism of police. Guardian , 15 October: 16.

Mungham, G. and Pearson, G. (eds) (1976). Working Class Youth Cultures . London: Routledge.

Murphy, P., Dunning, E. and Williams, J. (1988). Soccer crowd disorder and the press: Processes of amplification and de-amplification in historical perspective. Theory, Culture and Society , 5: 645-673.

Murphy, P., Williams, J. and Dunning, E. (1990). Football on Trial: Spectator Violence and Development in the Football World . London: Routledge.

Murray, C. (1977). The soccer hooligans honour system. New Society , 6 October: 9-11.

Murray, W. (1984). The Old Firm: Sectarianism, Sport and Society in Scotland. Edinburgh: John Donald.

Murray, W. (1988). Glasgow Giants: A 100 Years of the Old Firm. Edinburgh: Mainstream.

O'Brien, T. (1987). Football violence: An introduction to the English scene. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

O'Brien, T. (ed) (1987). European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

O'Kelly, D. and Blair, S. (eds) (1992). What's the Story? True Confessions of Republic of Ireland Soccer Supporters . Dublin: ELO.

Ommeren, A.G. van. (1990). Medespelers en Tegenspelers. Voelbalvandalisme - Beleid in Rotterdam (Your Own Side and Opponents: Hooliganism).

Onofri, M. and Ricci, A. (1984). Iragazzi della curva. Il Mulino, 5.

Openbaar Ministerie (6 June 1993). Bestrijding van het Voetbalvandalisme: Een Integrale en Gezamenlijke Aanpak door Overheid en de KNVB (Tackling Hooliganism: An Integral and Common Approach by Government and the Dutch FA). Verslag van een bijeenkomst voor de politie, het Openbaar Ministerie en de Begeleidingscommissie Bureau Veiligheid KNVB over het voetbalvandalisme gehouden op 6 juni 1983 te Zeist. (Report of a meeting for the police, the public ministry and the security commission of the Dutch FA).

Parlebas, P. and Boudon, R. (1986). Eléments de Sociologie du Sport. Paris: PUF.

Pascale, F. (1988). Voetbalvandalisme en Preventie: Een Inventarisatie van Socio-Preventieve Projecten die Werken met Voetbalvandalistiche Jongeren. (Hooliganism and Prevention: A Review of Socio-Preventive Projects with Hooliganism). Leuven: Dissertation.

Patrick, J. (1973). A Glasgow Gang Observed . London: Eyre Methuen.

Pearson, G. (1973). The Profession of Violence. London: Panther.

Pearson, G. (1976). In defence of hooliganism, social theory and violence. In N. Tutt (ed), Violence. London: HMSO.

Pearson, G. (1983). Hooliganism, a History of Respectable Fears. London: Macmillan.

Pearton, R (1986). Violence in sport and the special case of soccer hooliganism in the United Kingdom. In C.R. Rees and A.W. Miracle (eds), Sport and Social Theory. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.

Pearton, R. and Gaskell, G. (1981). Youth and social conflict: Sport and spectator violence. International Review of Sport Sociology , 16 (2): 57-67.

Peitersen, B. (1991). If only Denmark had been there: Danish football spectators at the World Cup Finals in Italy. A Report for the Council of Europe.

Peitersen, B. and Skov, H. B. (1990) Herliger Tider: Hitorien om de Danske Roligans. Copenhagen.

Peitersen, B., Toft, J., Langberg, H. and Saarup, J. (1991) Det er svært at være fodboldfan i Danmark. Allsvenskan genom tiderna. Stockholm: Strömbergs/Brunnhages Förlag.

Peschardt, M. (1987). Football hooliganism: Is there an official cover-up?. The Listener , 15 October: 4-5.

Petryszak, N. (1977). The bio-sociology of 'joy in violence'. Review of Sport and Leisure, 1-15.

Phillip, D. (1987). Football fans and the police. In T. O'Brien, European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Pia, S. (1988). A grand old team: 100 years of Glasgow Celtic. Cencratus, Summer.

Pilz, G. (1982). Sport und körperliche Gewalt . Reinbek.

Pilz, G. (1996) Social factors influencing sport and violence: On the problem of football hooligansim in Germany. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 1.

Podiliri, C. and Balestri, C. (1996). Racism and Football Culture in Italy. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Popplewell, O., Lord Justice (Chairman) (1986). Inquiry into the Crowd Safety and Control at Sports Grounds. London: HMSO.

Porro, N. (1991). Nell'anno dei Mondiali. Due contributi su calcio, violenza e immaginario colletivo (During a World Cup Year…). Critical Sociology , 96 (1): 80-86.

Porro, N. (1992). Sport, political system and sociology in Italy. International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 27 (4): 329-340.

Pratt, J. and Salter, M. (1984). A fresh look at football hooliganism. Leisure Studies, 3: 201-230.

Price, C. (1981). Football fascism. The Spectator , 10 January: 12-13.

Punch, M. (1982). Voetbal en geweld. In R. Siekmann (ed), Voetbalvandalisme. Haarlem: De Vrieseborch.

Raspaud, M. (1994) From Saint-Etienne to Marseilles: Tradition and modernity in French soccer and society. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Redhead, S. (1986). Sing When You're Winning. London: Pluto.

Redhead, S. (1991a). Football with Attitude. Manchester: Wordsmith.

Redhead, S. (1991b). No Violence Please We're Fans. Manchester: Wordsmith.

Redhead, S. (1991c). An era of the end or the end of an era: Football and youth culture in Britain. In J. Williams and S. Wagg (eds), British Football and Social Change. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Redhead, S. (1991d). Some reflections on discourses on football hooliganism. Sociological Review, 39 (3): 479-486.

Redhead, S. (ed) (1993). The Passion and the Fashion. Aldershot: Avebury.

Redhead, S. and McLaughlin, E. (1985). Soccer's style wars. New Society , 16 August.

Richardson, W. (1993). Identifying the cultural causes of disasters: An analysis of the Hillsborough Football stadium disaster. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 1 (1): 27-35.

Roadburg, A. (1980). Factors precipitating fan violence: A comparison of professional soccer in Britain and North America. British Journal of Sociology, 31 (2): 265-276.

Robins, D. (1984). We Hate Humans . Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Robins, D. (1990). Sport as Prevention. Oxford: Centre for Criminological Research.

Rous, S. (1978). Football Worlds: A Lifetime in Sport. London: Faber and Faber.

Roversi, A. (1991). Football violence in Italy. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 26 (4): 311-332.

Roversi, A. (ed) (1990). Calcio e Violenza in Europa. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Roversi, A. (ed) (1992). Calcio, Tifo e Violenza. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Roversi, A. (1994) The birth of the 'ultras': The rise of football hooliganism in Italy. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Russell, G.W. (1995). Personalities in the crowd - those who would escalate a sports riot. Aggressive Behavior , 21 (2): 91-100.

Russell, G.W. and Goldstein, J.H. (1995). Personality differences between Dutch football fans and non-fans. Social Behavior and Personality, 23 (2): 199-204.

Salvini, A. (1985). Il tifoso violento, ovvero il disordine regolamentato. Psicologia Contemporanea, 85.

Salvini, A. (1988). Il Rito Aggressivo. Dall'aggressivita Simbolica al Compartamento Violento: Il Casa dei Tifoso Ultras. Florence: Giunti.

Salvini, A., Biondo, R. and Turchi, G. (1988). Aspetti interattivo-aggressivi nel comportamento dei tifosi: rilievi teorici ed empirici. In M. Guicciardi and A. Salvini, La Psicologia dell'Atleta. Milano: Giuffrè.

Sande, J.P. van de (1987). Football and violence in Holland. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Sapienza, S. and Aguglia, E. (1986). Il tifo nello sport: stato emotivo limite?. Movimento, 2: 131-132.

Savornin Lohaman, P.M. de and Bruggen, F.H. (1987). Voetbalvandalisme Buiten Spel: Onderzoek naar Mogelijkheden van een Jeugdwelzijnsbenadering van Voetbalvandalisme. (Tackling Hooliganism: Research into the Possibilities of a Youth Welfare Approach to Tackle Hooliganism). Rijswijk: Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur. (Dutch government publication).

Schults, H.J. and Weber, R. (1979). Conditions of aggressive behavior among soccer supporters. Sprtswissenschaft, 3.

Segre, S. (1979). Ragazzi di Stadio. Milano: Mazzota.

Sharrat, T. (1989). Police team targets hooligan "generals". Guardian, 28 March.

Shaw, D. (1985). The politics of "futbol": Spanish football under Franco. History Today , 35: 38-42.

Shipman, M. (1988). Terrorist or resistance fighter? The case of the football hooligan. The Limitations of Social Research, 3.

Siekmann, R. van. (ed) (1982). Voetbalvandalisme (Hooliganism). Haarlem: De Vrieseborch.

Sim, M. (1983). Violence and Sport . Toronto: Butterworths.

Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research (1984). All Sit Down: A Report on the Coventry City All-Seated Stadium, 1982/3. Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research (1990). Seven Years On: Glasgow Rangers and Rangers Supporters, 1983-90. Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research (1995a). Fact Sheet 4: Black footballers in Britain. Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research (1995b). Fact Sheet 6: Racism and Football . Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Slepicka, P. (1990). Sports Spectators . Prague: Charles University.

Slepicka, P. and Janak, V. (1996). Social Structure of Czech Supporters. Paper presented to the Fanatics! Conference, Manchester, 11-13 June 1996.

Smith, A. and Logan, C. (1988). Make the lager louts pay, courts ordered. Sunday Express, 18 September: 7.

Smith, M. and Way, K. (1977). Soccer violence: What lies behind the aggro. Psychology Today , March.

Smith, M.D. (1975). Sport and collective violence. In D.W. Ball and J.W. Loy (eds), Sport and Social Order: Contributions to the Sociology of Sport . Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

Smith, M.D. (1978). Precipitants of crowd violence. Sociological Inquiry, 48: 121-131.

Social Science Research Council / Sports Council (1978). Public Disorder and Sporting Events: A Report by a Joint Council of the Sports Council and the Social Science Research Council . London: Sports Council / SSRC.

Stokvis, R. (1991). Voetbalvandalisme in Nederland. Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift , 18 (2): 165-188.

Sugden, J. and Bairner, A. (1986). Observe the sons of Ulster: Football and politics in Northern Ireland. In A. Tomlinson and G. Whannel (eds), Off the Ball . London: Pluto.

Sugden, J. and Bairner, A. (1988). Sectarianism and football hooliganism in Northern Ireland. In T. Reilly et al. (eds), Science and Football . London: E. and F.N. Spon.

Sugden, J. and Tomlinson, A. (1996). Who Rules the People's Game?: FIFA versus UEFA in the struggle for the control of world Football. Paper presented at the Football in Europe conference, Leicester City Football Club, May 30-31 1996.

Sugden, J. and Tomlinson, A. (eds) (1994). Hosts and Champions, Soccer Cultures, National Identities and the USA World Cup. Aldershot: Arena.

Sumner, M. and Parker, H. (1995) Low in Alcohol: A review of international research into alcohol's role in crime causation. University of Manchester

Taylor, E. (1984). I was a soccer hooligan - Class of 64. Guardian , 28 March.

Taylor, I. (1969). Hooligans: Soccer's resistance movement. New Society, 7 August.

Taylor, I. (1971a). "Football Mad" - a speculative sociology of soccer hooliganism. In E. Dunning (ed), The Sociology of Sport . London: Cass.

Taylor, I. (1971b). Soccer consciousness and soccer hooliganism. In S. Cohen (ed), Images of Deviance. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Taylor, I. (1976). Spectator violence around football: The rise and fall of the 'working class weekend'. Research Papers in Physical Education , 4 (1): 4-9.

Taylor, I. (1982a). Class, violence and sport: The case of soccer hooliganism in Britain. In H. Cantelon and R. Gruneau (eds), Sport, Culture and the State. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Taylor, I. (1982b). On the sports violence question: Soccer hooliganism revisited. In J. Hargreaves (ed), Sport Culture and Ideology. Cambridge: Polity.

Taylor, I. (1984). Professional sport and the recession: The case of British soccer. International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 19 (1): 7-30.

Taylor, I. (1987). Putting the boot into a working class sport: British soccer after Bradford and Brussels. Sociology of Sport Journal , 4: 171-191.

Taylor, I. (1988). "A slum sport watched by slum people!" Fußball und gewalt in der ara Thatcher. In R. Horak, W. Reiter and K. Stocker, Ein Spiel Dauert Länge als 90 Minuten. Fußball und Fans in Europa. Hamburg.

Taylor, I. (1989). Hillsborough: 15 April 1989. Some personal contemplations. New Left Review , 177.

Taylor, I. (1991). From aggravation to celebration. Independent on Sunday , 21 April.

Taylor, I. (1993). It's a whole new ball game: Sports television, the cultural industries and the condition of football in England in 1993. Paper presented to the Centre for the Study of Sport and Society, University of Leicester, 18 June 1993.

Taylor, P., Lord Justice (Chairman) (1990). Inquiry into the Hillsborough Stadium Disaster: Final Report . London: HMSO.

Taylor, R. (1991). Walking alone together: Football supporters and their relationship with the game. In Williams, J. and Wagg, S., British Football and Social Change: Getting into Europe. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Taylor, R. (1992a). Football and its Fans: Supporters and their relations with the game 1885-1985. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Taylor, R. (1992b). Pre-match Liason between Supporters in Europe: A Report on the UEFA Cup Ties Liverpool v Genoa 1992. Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research,.

Taylor, R. and Ward, A. (1993). Three Sides of the Mersey: An Oral History of Everton, Liverpool and Tranmere Rovers . London: Robson Books.

Taylor, R. and Ward, A. (1995). Kicking and Screaming: An Oral History of Football in England . London: Robson Books.

Teff, H. (1992). The Hillsborough disaster and claims for nervous shock. Medicine, Science and the Law , 32 (3): 251-254.

Tendler, S. (1987). The hunting of the Headhunters. The Times, 9 May.

Thomas, R. (1993). Sociologie di Sport. Paris: PUF.

Toch, H. (1969). Violent Men . New York: Aldine.

Travers, R.F. and Baker, G.A. (1992). The Hillsborough football stadium disaster: A single case-study. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , 9 (1): 57-59.

Triani, G. (1990). Mal di Stadio . Rome: Edizioni Associate.

Trivizas, E. (1980a). Offences and offenders in football crowd disorders. British Journal of Criminology, 21: 276-288.

Trivizas, E. (1980b). Sentencing and the football hooligan. British Journal of Criminology , 21: 342-349.

Trivizas, E. (1984). Disturbances associated with football matches. British Journal of Criminology , 24: 361-383.

Turner, R. (1990). In Your Blood: Football Culture in the Late 1980s and Early 1990s. London: Working Press.

Valitutti, M. (1996). The "Professional" Image within the Italian Fotball Network. Paper presented to International Conference for Euro 96 at Leicester City Football Club, 30/31 May 1996.

Vamplew, W. (1980). Sports crowd disorder in Britain 1870-1914: Causes and controls. Journal of Sport History, 7: 5-20.

Vamplew, W. (1980). Ungentlemanly conduct: The control of soccer crowd behaviour in England, 1888-1914. In T.C. Smout (ed), The Search for Wealth and Stability . London: Macmillan.

Vamplew, W. (1988). Pay Up and Play the Game . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Vamplew, W. (1994) 'Wogball': Ethnicity and violence in Australian soccer. In. R. Giuilianotti and J. Williams (eds) Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena

Vandenbossche, D. (1986). Le droit penal anglais confronte aux crimes et delits commis par les hooligans au Heysel. Revue de Droit Pénal et de Criminologie , May: 447-463.

Veccia, S. (1975). L'orgasmo della domenica. International Journal of Sports Psychology , 6 (3): 223-228.

Veugelers, W. (1981) Wie zijn de echte voetbalsupporters? Oorzaken en achtergronden van het voetbalvandalisme. Psychologie en Maatschappij.

Veugelers, W. (1983). Alleen voetbalsupporters vallen nog aan. Voetbal als kulturele strijd. Te Elfder Ure 35, 27 (3): 549-572.

Vigarello, G. (1987). Les deux violences sportives. Esprit , 8: 15-20.

Vinnai, G. (1973). Football Mania . London: Ocean Books.

Vuillamy, E. (1988). Soccer mob hits peak of violence. Guardian, 15 June: 1.

Wagg, S. (1984). The Football World: A Contemporary Social History. Brighton: Harvester Press.

Wagg, S. (1994). The missionary position: Football in the societies of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In S. Wagg (ed), Football on the Continents. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Walburg, J.A. (1985). Supportersgeweld en alcohol. Tijdschrift voor Alcohol, Drugs en Andere Psychotrope, 11 (3): 139-140.

Walgrave, L., Colaers, C. and Limbergen, K. van (1987). After Heysel: A Belgian research project on the societal and socio-psychological backgrounds of football hooliganism. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Walker, G. (1988). The Rangers view. Cencrastus, Autumn.

Walker, G. (1990). "There's not a team like Glasgow Rangers": football and religious identity in Scotland. In G. Walker and T. Gallagher (eds), Sermons and Battle Hymns: Protestant Popular Culture in Modern Scotland . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Walker, M. (1982). Leeds, the lads and the Meeja. New Society, 28 November.

Walvin, J. (1975). The People's Game. London.

Walvin, J. (1986). Football and the Decline of Britain. Basingstoke: MacMillan.

Wann, D.L. (1993). Aggression among highly identified spectators as a function of their need to maintain a positive social identity. Journal of Sport and Social Issues , 17: 134-143.

Wann, D.L. (1994). The 'noble' sports fan: The relationships between team identification, self-esteem and aggression. Perceptual and Motor Skills , 78: 864-866.

Wann, D.L. and Dolan, T.J. (1994). Attributions of highly identified sports spectators: Support for the success/failure bias. Journal of Social Psychology, 134: 783-792.

Ward, C. (1989). Steaming In: Journal of a Football Fan . London: Simon and Schuster.

Watt, T. (1993). The End: 80 Years of Life on Arsenal's North Bank. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing.

Weis, K. (1982). Fußballrowdytum - Zur räumlichen und rituellen beschränkung eines sozialen problems. In L.A. Vaskovics, Die Raumbezogenheit Sozialer Probleme. Opladen.

Whannel, G. (1979). Football, crowd behaviour and the press. Media Culture and Society, 1 (4): 327-342.

White, A. (1982). Soccer hooliganism in Britain. Quest , 34 (1).

Williams, J. (1980). Football hooliganism: Offences, arrests and violence - a critical note. British Journal of Law and Society, 7 (1): 104-111.

Williams, J. (1985)a. In search of the hooligan solution. Social Studies Review , 1 (2).

Williams, J. (1985b). The 'Inevitability' of soccer hooliganism. Police Review , 30 August.

Williams, J. (1986a). Football hooliganism. Social Science Teacher, 15 (3).

Williams, J. (1986b). White Riots: the English football fan abroad. In A. Tomlinson and G. Whannel (eds), Off the Ball . London: Pluto.

Williams, J. (1988). England's Barmy Army. Social Studies Review , 4 (1).

Williams, J. (1991a). Having an away day: English football spectators and the hooligan debate. In J. Williams and S. Wagg (eds), British Football and Social Change . Leicester: University of Leicester Press.

Williams, J. (1991b). When violence overshadows the spirit of sporting competition: Italian football fans and their sports clubs (Commentary of paper by Zani, B. and Kirchler, E.). Journal of Community and Applied Psychology, 1: 23-28.

Williams, J. (1992a). "Lick my boots…" Racism in English football . Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Williams, J. (1992b) Football Spectators and Italia '90: A report on the behaviour and control of European football fans at the World Cup Finals, 1990. Report to the Council of Europe. Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research

Williams, J. (1993). Fact Sheet 1: Football and Football Hooliganism. Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Williams, J. (1994). Rangers is a Black Club: Race, identity and local football in England. In R. Giulianotti and J. Williams, Football, Identity and Modernity: Fans and Players in the World Game. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Williams, J. and Giulianotti, R. (1994). Stillborn in the USA?. In R.Giulianotti and J. Williams (eds), Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena.

Williams, J. and Goldberg, A. (1989). Spectator Behaviour, Media Coverage and Crowd Control at the 1988 European Championships: A Review of Data from Belgium, Denmark, The Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Council of Europe.

Williams, J. and Wagg, S. (eds) (1991). British Football and Social Change. Leicester: University of Leicester Press.

Williams, J., Dunning, E. and Murphy, P. (1984a, 1989 2nd ed.) Hooligans Abroad London: Routledge.

Williams, J., Dunning, E. and Murphy, P. (1984b). Come on you whites. New Society, 24 May: 310-311.

Williams, J., Dunning, E. and Murphy, P. (1987a). Football and football hooliganism in Liverpool . Leicester: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research.

Williams, J., Dunning, E. and Murphy, P. (1987b). English football fans: A return to Europe?. In T. O'Brien (ed), European Conference on Football Violence. Preston: Lancashire Polytechnic.

Williams, J., Dunning, E., Murphy, P. and Bucke, T. (1989). Football and football spectators after Hillsborough . Leicester: Sir Norman Centre for Football Research.

Woolnough, B. (1983). Black Magic: England's Black Footballers . London.

Wright, D.B. (1993). Recall of the Hillsborough disaster over time: Systematic biases of flashbulb memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology , 7 (2): 129-138.

Wright, J.C., Binney, V. and Kunkler, J. (1994). Psychological distress in the local Hillsborough or 'host' community following the Hillsborough football stadium disaster. Journal of Community and Applied Psychology, 4: 77-89.

Young, K. (1986). 'The killing field': Themes in mass media responses to the Heysel Stadium riot. International Review for the Sociology of Sport , 21: 252-264.

Young, T. (1985). Saturday afternoon fever. The Observer , 2 June: 41.

Zani, B. and Kirchler, E. (1991). When violence overshadows the spirit of sporting competition: Italian football fans and their clubs. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 1: 5-21.


Go to previous section   
Error processing SSI file